What is an American?

　　"I can't make you out," Henry James has Mrs. Tristram say to the American, "whether you are very simple or very deep." This is a dilemma, which has often confronted Europeans. Usually they conclude that Americans are childish. But one cannot accurately call one society mature, another immature. Each has its own logic.

　　What is it then that makes Americans recognizable wherever they go? Free from the social restraints which would make them act very differently at home, they are bent on making the most of this freedom. Americans carry with them an appearance, which is more a result of attitude than of clothing. This attitude combines a lack of class consciousness, a somewhat cheerful optimism and an inquisitiveness(好打聽別人的事情) which look to the European like naivety. Also a liking for facts and figures, and above all a desire to be friendly.

　　To sum up, American characteristics are the product of response to an unusually competitive situation combined with unusual opportunity.

　　Americans are a peculiar people. They work like mad, then give away much of what they earn. They play until they are exhausted, and call this a vacation. They love to think of themselves as tough-minded businessmen, yet they are pushovers(易于征服的人) for any hard luck story. They have the biggest of nearly everything including government, motorcars and debts, yet they are afraid of bigness. They also have the most traffic deaths, the most waste, the most racketeering(敲詐勒索).

　　There is, of course, no typical American. But if you added them all together and then divided by 226,000,000 they would look something like what this essay has tried to portray.

　　Questions:

　　1. Unlike the English, Turkish, or Chinese, Americans don't have a uniform pattern of character.

　　2. Americans attach great importance to success though they don't equate success with materials rewards.

　　3. Generally speaking, Americans don't think there is anything wrong with personal material success.

　　4. Americans like skiing better than any other physical activity.

　　5. People in different societies have different patterns of character. There is no way to decide which society is superior.

　　6. Americans attribute the forming of their characteristics to the influence of different cultures.

　　7. From the passage, we can come to a conclusion that there is little or no glory attached to being born wealthy or privileged in the United States

　　8. Americans spend _____________on entertainment than people elsewhere in the world.

　　9. It is _______________that makes Americans recognizable wherever they go.

　　10. Besides naïve, Europeans use another word to describe Americans. The word is "___________".

　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decided which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　11. A) They forgot all about their departure that morning.

　　B) They were late by fifteen minutes.

　　C) They got up late by fifteen minutes.

　　D) The man's watch slowed down.

　　12. A) He's unhappy because the progress is slow.

　　B) He's making steady progress.

　　C) He's a good swimmer already.

　　D) He's quite satisfied with his progress.

　　13. A) He performed better than the secretary.

　　B) He exaggerated his part

　　C) He was not dramatic enough.

　　D) He played his part quite well.