"Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store," Kurjanowicz said. "These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver."

　　Among the top contenders in Saturday's race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine corps.

　　In last year's race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.

　　"We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn that's equivalent to that of a Humvee," he said.

　　Ghostrider

　　The resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.

　　One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg(小桶)stuck on the back and an on-off switch that says "brain."

　　"Most of the schools and organizations we're up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles," said team leader Chris "C.J." Pedersen, a former actor. "Our [vehicle] is a custom-built, 21st-century hot rod... complete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side."

　　Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒)over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last year's race.

　　Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldn't find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages.

　　"We're smaller and go a lot more places," he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. "We're also a lot less expe nsive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys' machines."

　　Smart Money

　　Neither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut this week's qualifying races.

　　However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot—or the Ragin' Cajun—a converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.

　　The smart money in Saturday's race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at California's Stanford University. It was the only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs.

　　Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPA's Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.

　　"The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesn't tell people how to solve the problem," he said. "The community has come up with its own elegant solutions."

　　1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.

　　2. Last year's robot race in Nevada was a great success.

　　3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this year's race called the Grand Challenge.

　　4. The Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is sponsoring the race.

　　5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.

　　6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this week's qualifying races.

　　7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.

　　8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the ________________.

　　9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is ________________.

　　10. The only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs is ________________.