Section B

　　Directions: There are 2passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based onthe following passage.

　　Fried foods have long beenfrowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet(長柄平底煎鍋)is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment.Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 caloriesper day or morn will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared inthis fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served inmillions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signsof indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, orboiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated thedigestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easilybroken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter,however, dissolved within the alimentary tract(消化道)morereadily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progressof the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀)，that fat actually accelerated the rate ofdigestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority".Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum

　　(權威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. Afew will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then anexpert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence ofdiscomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric (胃的)apparatus.We Call of course sizzleperfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough.But thorough heating，in the presence ofshortening，is not the awful crime that it has beenlabeled.Such dishes stimulate rather than retardcontractions of the gall bladder.Thus it is that bile(膽汁)mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

　　We don't need to allow ourfoodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be nobasis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notionsbecome fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an"oracle"(圣賢)sufferedfrom dyspepsia(消化不良)which he ascribed to some frieditem on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a timethe doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now traditionrather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience hasdemonstrated its falsity.

　　57. This passage focuses on__________.

　　A) why the skillet is a handypiece of kitchen equipment

　　B) the digestibility of friedfoods

　　C) how the experts can misleadthe public in the area of food preparation

　　D) why fried foods have longbeen frowned upon

　　58. People engaged in activelabor eat fried foods because __________.

　　A) they are healthful

　　B) they are much cheaper

　　C) they can be easily digested

　　D) they can provide the calories the workers need

　　59. The author implies that thepublic should __________.

　　A) prepare some foods by frying

　　B) avoid fried foods ifpossible

　　C) fry foods for adults but not for children

　　D) prepare all foods by frying

　　60. When the author says that"an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried itemon the menu" he is being __________.

　　A) grateful

　　B) factual

　　C) sarcastic

　　D) humorous

　　61. The passage was probablytaken from __________.

　　A) a medical journal

　　B) a publication addressed to the general public

　　C) a speech at a medical convention

　　D) an advertisement for cooking oil

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based onthe following passage.

　　In the second half of the twentieth century,many countries of the South(發展中國家)began tosend students to the industrialized countries for further education. Theyurgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept ofdevelopment based on modernization.

　　But many of these studentsdecided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training.At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt atease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.

　　In the 1960s, some LatinAmerican countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special"return"programs to encourage their professionals to come back home.These programs received support from international bodies such as theInternational Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600qualified scientists

　　and technicians to return toLatin America.

　　In the 1980s and 1990s,"temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best useof trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries.This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer ofKnowledge through Expatriate(移居國外的)Nationals,which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries forshort periods. But the brain drain(人才流失)from thesecountries may well increase in response to the new laws of the internationalmarket in knowledge.

　　Recent studies forecast thatthe most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionalsaround twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, orso it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countrieswhich send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competentpeople to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging thetraining of people who may not come back because there are no professionaloutlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content withinstitutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, theymust introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return.If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.

　　62. Which of the following isNOT correct according to the passage?

　　A) The developing countriesbelieve that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to

　　meet their own needs formodernization.

　　B) The South American countrieshave been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.

　　C) Many people trained abroadremain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.

　　D) The InternationalOrganization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals toreturn to their own countries in a single year.

　　63. Which of the following isNOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brainpower?

　　A) Many professionals did notfeel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.

　　B) "Temporary return"programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for shortperiods.

　　C) The new laws of theinternational market encourage knowledge transfer.

　　D) The professionals from thedeveloping countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply theirknowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.

　　64. In the author's opinion,the developing countries should__________.

　　A) keep their presentadministrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return aftergraduation

　　B) cooperate more effectivelywith international organizations

　　C) set up more return programsunder the guidance of the UN

　　D) send students abroad in thefields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their owncountries

　　65. According to the passage,the problem of the developing countries will continue __________.

　　A) as long as the developedcountries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically

　　B) as long as the developingcountries are content with their present institutional structures

　　C) unless those countries stopsending large number of students to be trained abroad

　　D) if their governments fail tomake administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals

　　66. The best title for thepassage is__________.

　　A) The Brain Drain of theDeveloping Countries

　　B) Knowledge Transfer

　　C) The Talents from the Developing Countries

　　D) The Failure of Development Programs

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