Perhaps the strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the child of parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in advance what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond. Because the parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the long run. On the other hand, most children want to have their own space. Simply because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatically condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracial adoption. As with adoption, in-vitro fertilization, and the use of donor sperm, how the child will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning far more easily than we might think, just as it happened with in-vitro fertilization.
One recurring image in anti-cloning propaganda is of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit young adults than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning isn’t the same as genetic engineering. No one can make another superman and his super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but nothing is certain.
Some might think that cloning is playing God. However, can you really say that you know God’s intentions? There is substantial disagreement as to what God’ s will is. Armstrong wrote, aoyone who has truly proved that God exists, that God isn’t only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his own body and as unique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first family. Though God’s miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that God’s own Word says He used Adam’s rib-physical bone and tissue - to create Eve.?
Another argument against cloning is that it would only be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new technologies. Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well.
The U.S. Federal Government should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal. It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research and possible spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has respected general rights to control one’s body regarding reproduction, and finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring.
Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the United States government does not support research on human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East. Much cloning may also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States policies. Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research, owe their lives to previous medical discoveries. Don’t let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.
注意： 此部分試題在答題卡1上。
1. What kind of cloning had been practiced for many years by the time of Dolly was cloned?
A) Cloning large mammals and life forms C) Cloning plants and large mammals
B) Cloning plants and lower forms of life D) Cloning all kinds of life forms
2. How much do we know about the potential harm about cloning?
A) All of harms C) 80 percent
B) About Half D) A small portion
3. What make pregnancy-related death to be the number one killer of adult women?
A) Truly natural human reproduction C) All reproduction process
B) Cloning D) Medical therapy
4. How long was the “test-tube babies” practiced in our world?
A) One hundred years C) Less than two decades
B) Fifty years D) More than two decades
5. With in-vitro fertilization, what are combined in a lab and surgically implanted in the womb?
A) the sperm and egg C) the gene of twins
B) cloned gene D) genetical embryo
6. In the long run, producing a good and loving relationship by____.
A) the parents understanding of what the child is going through
B) the parents’ good personaliy
C) the cloned childs’ character
D) the cloned childs’ responses
7. Compared with cloning human and bringing them up as an army, it would be much cheaper to ____.
A) recruit young adults C) recruit cloned warriors
B) recruit cloned people D) recruit middle-aged people
8. Some worry that human cloning as a potential privilege for the rich might contribute to _____.
9. The illegalization of human cloning by the government may erase the hope of people like ______.
10. Since human cloning can not be done in the U.S., the U.K., France and Germany, researchers can still conduct their researches in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East, or in ______.
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