Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean’s reference to the post-television world as being a single “global village” is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare’s famous line, “all the world’s a stage,” has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.

　　But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today’s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.

　　Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50’s and 60’s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage(英尺數) of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.

　　Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory(令人討厭的) dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash(消極反應) during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.

　　It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. “Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy,” Carter said. “Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs(救世主) operating under the cover of politics or religion.”

　　Although political viewpoints have changed since then， because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the “soul” of television news. The transgression(侵犯) of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most，major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.

　　52. The passage is mainly about .

　　A) the evolution of international politics in the United States

　　B) the broadcast media’s growing role in international politics

　　C) the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media

　　D) the impact of global television communication on viewers’emotions

　　53. The introduction of satellite technology into television broadcast .

　　A) confirmed what Shakespeare said long ago

　　B) changed the way television news is handled

　　C) improved the sound effect of television news

　　D) initiated a shift of emphasis to international politics

　　54. The civil rights struggle to the 50’s and 60’s won public support partly owing to .

　　A) the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV

　　B) the news broadcast through satellite links

　　C) the impact of televised news on emotions

　　D) the support provided by a world audience

　　55. President Carter’s major contribution to broadcast news was that he .

　　A) eliminated any kind of censorship of broadcast news

　　B) encouraged news coverage of the Vietnam War and ended it

　　C) proclaimed the Pentagon’s control over the media unconstitutional

　　D) made the transgression of human rights a global focus in broadcast news

　　56. The television coverage of human rights issues has all the effects EXCEPT .

　　A) reduction in the cases of human rights violation

　　B) prompted attempts at censorship by dictators

　　C) increased respect for different cultures and attitudes

　　D) heightened international concern over human rights abuses