Under the honour code he signed when he entered Duke University last year，it is. But for many college students，the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something decidedly more low-tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first time. Others，among them Duke，acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only，are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them.

　　Cheating has become so common，experts say，that it often goes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days but also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity，an organization based at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey，27 per cent of students questioned during the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened "often or very often" on campus.

　　The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think about the kinds of offenses that constitute cheating. At large universities and small liberal arts colleges alike，educators talk about restoring a "culture of honour."

　　"It's a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable，you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior，"said Nannerl O.Keohane，the president of Duke. At Duke，a new "community standard" for academic integrity will take effect next fall.

　　Under it，the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams，but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater power to discipline first-time cheats，authority that the university hopes will encourage them to confront offenders.

　　注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

　　47. In the US, the college students will be given a failing grade by __________

　　48. It can be inferred from the passage that one of the students' honour codes might be "__________".

　　49. How to find student cheats in some colleges and universities?

　　50. The phrase "out of bounds"(Para.4) probably means __________ .

　　51. What will Duke University do next fall to solve the problem of cheating next autumn?

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line thought the centre.