2018年12月大學英語四級選詞填空解析-空氣污染篇

　　Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious [26] damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs [27] associated with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

　　The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes [28] sources like home heating and cooking, has remained [29] constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray [30] described it as an “urgent call to action.”“ One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little [31] control,” he said.

　　The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income [32] equals nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they [33] regularly experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

　　But the problem is not limited [34] exclusively to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel [35] vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.

　　26.【答案】 F damage

　　【解題思路】空格前為most serious為形容詞，可判斷此空格處為名詞，前半句講空氣污染每年給全球經濟造成超過5萬億美元的福利成本，對于發展中國家帶來最大的傷害。因此選擇 damage

　　27.【答案】B associated

　　【解題思路】The figures include a number of costs [27]_____ with air pollution空格前主謂賓齊全，可判斷空格處和后面的with構成短語做后置定語來修飾前面的cost. Associate with 與……想聯系，相關.這個數字包括了與空氣污染相關的很多花費。

　　28. 【答案】M sources

　　【解題思路】Indoor pollution, which includes [28]_____空格前為動詞，可知空格處為名詞來做動詞的賓語。第二段首句表示據報道污染有室內和室外污染，室內污染包括像home heating(居家取暖) and cooking(烹飪)的這些來源

　　29.【答案】D constant

　　【解題思路】has remained 29_____ over the past several decades despite advances in the area.remain 作為系動詞，可判斷空格處為形容詞，但像家庭取暖和做飯這樣的室內污染在過去的數十年仍在繼續。

　　30.【答案】G described

　　【解題思路】Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray [30]_____it as an “urgent call to action.” 空格前為名詞，空格后為代詞，可判斷空格出為動詞，后面有as作為補語，可判斷詞動詞可與as作為搭配，describe...as“把 ……描述為”。

　　31.【答案】E control

　　【解題思路】One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little [31] ______，空格前為限定詞，可判斷空格出為名詞，過早死亡的危險因素之一就是我們呼吸額空氣，個人對其幾乎沒有控制權。

　　32.【答案】H equals

　　【解題思路】The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income [32] nearly 1% of GDP. 空格前為lost labor income 作為定語從句主語，空格后為名詞，可判斷此空格為謂語，空氣污染對發展中國家的影響最為嚴重，在一些地方，勞動收入的損失相當于GDP的近1%。

　　33.【答案】K regularly

　　【解題思路】Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they [33]_____ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.空格前為名詞，空格后為動詞及賓語，句子成分完整，可判斷空格出為副詞。在低收入和中等收入國家，大約有9到10人生活在經常遭受嚴重室外空氣污染的地方。

　　34.【答案】I exclusively

　　【解題思路】But the problem is not limited [34]_____to the developing world. 空格前主語和謂語齊全，空格后有賓語，句子成分完整，可判斷空格處為副詞。但是這個問題并不僅僅局限于發展中國家。

　　35.【答案】O vehicles

　　【解題思路】In many European countries, where diesel 35vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands. 空格后為動詞，可判斷空格出為主語，且前有diesel限定詞空格處為名詞，表示以柴油為動力的車輛。在許多歐洲國家，柴油汽車近年來變得越來越普遍，這個數字達到了數萬輛。

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