真題練習
1. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished. (2002.12)
A) had lost B) would lose
C) would have lost D) should have lost
2. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now. (1999.01)
A) wouldn’t be smiling B) couldn’t have smiled
C) smile D) didn’t smile
3. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than a room with someone else. (2000.12)
A) to share B) to have shared C) share D)sharing
解題小貼士
1. 【C】
這句話的虛擬從句被主句用逗號隔開，had they been done by hand是與過去發生的事實相反的假設，主句要用虛擬語氣，且有by the time這個時間狀語，主句要用完成時態。 正確答案為C，題目譯文為：如果用手工計算的話，那些成千上萬的演算等完成以后就已失去了其實用價值。
2. 【A】
這是一個錯綜條件句，從句中說的是過去發生的事，主句表示的是現在的事，從now這個詞我們就可以知道是對現在的虛擬。所以正確答案是A，題目譯文為：如果當你摔下來的時候，我沒站在樓梯上接住你的話，你現在就不可能笑了。
3. 【C】
本句是考核對rather的用法，would rather…than“寧可……（也）不愿”，是個典型的平行結構，would rather后跟的是謂語動詞，than后也應跟謂語動詞。正確答案為C，題目譯文為：無論這個房間有多小，我也寧愿有一個自己的房間，而不愿與別人同住一室。
名師授招
虛擬語氣用法一：
1. 虛擬語氣用在if引導的條件狀語從句中。
注：
（1）有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had、should、were等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結構。
（2）在錯綜條件句子中，虛擬條件從句和主句動作發生的時間不一致，因此，主句和從句的謂語動詞應根據所指的時間選用適當的虛擬語氣形式。例如：
① If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不會錯過昨天晚上的那部電影。（從句與現在事實相反，主句與過去事實相反。）
② If he had followed the doctor’s advice，he would recover already. 如果他遵照醫生的勸告，現在病就好了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現在事實相反。）
2. 虛擬語氣用在would rather（共考過六次），would（just）as soon，would sooner，would prefer（希望）等后接的賓語從句中，意指某人寧愿讓另一個人做某事，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣。若表示現在或將來要做某事，從句謂語動詞需用一般過去時，表示過去已經做的事，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如：
（1）To be frank, I’d rather you were not involved in the case.
（2）I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.
注：
（1）若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原形。
【例】I would rather stay at home today.
（2）would rather… than……中用動詞原形。
【例】I would rather stay at home than go out today.
3. 虛擬語氣用在lest，for fear that或in case引導的目的狀語從句中。
在由lest等引導的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防、以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由should＋動詞原形構成，should也可省略。
【例】He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被處以懲罰，以免他再犯。
4. 其他特殊用法。
（1）if only引導的是省略了表示結果的主句的虛擬結構，現在已成為習慣用法，表達愿望。從句用過去時表示現在沒有實現的愿望；對過去沒有實現或不能實現的愿望，從句就用過去完成時。這類句型表示一種不真實的條件，常譯成“要是……就好了！”
【例】If only I had taken mother’s advice. 我要是聽取媽媽的建議就好了。
（2）有時假設的情況不用if引導虛擬條件從句來表述，而用介詞（如without, but for等）引出的短語、分詞（如supposing等）引出的短語、并列連詞（如or, otherwise, but, though等）、動詞suppose引出的祈使句或通過上下文的意思來表達。此時句中謂語動詞仍采用虛擬語氣的相應形式。
【例】But for your advice, I would not be able to do this work. 要不是你的勸告，我是不會做這份工作的。
自我測驗
1. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself. (1998.01)
A) injure B) injured
C) had injure D) would injure
2. I’d rather you just in bed and anything for at least two weeks.
A) stayed…did B) stay…don’t
C) stayed…don’t do D) stayed…didn’t do
3. If I the job, I would do it in a different way.
A) would do B) do
C) shall do D) were to do
4. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they by wild animals. (2002.12)
A) should be attacked B) had been attacked
C) must be attacked D) would be attacked
5. He was punished he should make the same mistake again. (2001.06)
A) unless B) lest
C) if D) provided
6. He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.
A) fails B) may fail
C) should fail D) would fail
7. If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (1999.06)
A) was not planned B) has not been planned
C) had not been planned D) were not planned
8. Had he worked harder, he the exams. (1997.06)
A) must have got through B) would have got through
C) would get through D) could get through
9. He will surely finish the job on time he’s left to do it in his own way. (2000.12)
A) in that B) in case
C) as far as D) so long as
10. his timely assistance, I couldn’t have pulled through successfully.
A) But B) If not C) But for D) Unless
新聞兩三詞
萬圣節（即鬼節）之際，家家戶戶除了會在當天準備很多南瓜食品及糖果來慶祝之外，更會在當日扮鬼扮馬上街游行。在萬圣節即將來臨的時候，美國節日市場空前繁榮。
Retailers have increasingly found that Halloween, whose traditions were brought to America in the 1840s by Irish immigrants, is appealing to a wider audience, not just pint-sized ghosts making the neighborhood rounds with trick-or-treat bags. Halloween now ranks as the No.6 spending holiday in the United States after the winter holidays, which pulls in an estimated $219.9 billion.
1. appealing: a. 吸引人的，哀訴似的 appealing eyes 哀求的眼神。
【單詞變形】appeal（n. & v. 呼吁，肯求） appeal to 訴諸于
2. audience: n. 聽眾，觀眾 Three thousand audience crowded the concert hall. 三千名聽眾擠滿了音樂大廳。
3. estimate: v. 估計，估價 I estimated his age at 40. 我估計他的年齡是40歲。
猜 猜 猜
What is too much for one, enough for two, and nothing at all for three?
