3．非謂語動詞

(1).以不定式做賓語的動詞

aim, arrange, ask, afford, agree, apply, attempt, beg, bother, choose, claim, consent, care, decide, decline, demand, dare, desire, determine, elect, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, presume, pretend, proceed, profess, promise, refuse, request, resolve, seek, strive, swear, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, wish

(2).以動名詞做賓語的動詞

miss, mind, enjoy, avoid, admit, finish, escape, practice, acknowledge, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, complete, contemplate, delay, deny, endure, evade, facilitate, favor, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, permit, quit, resent, resume, suggest, advocate, detest, excuse, fancy, mention, resist, risk, stand, understand, celebrate, dispute, doubt, dread, ensure, hinder, prohibit, recommend, can’t help, feel like

(3).不定式和動名詞都可，但意義不同

mean, try, stop, regret, forget, remember, go on, love, like, hate, prefer, dislike

The bank is reported in the local newspaper __________ in broad daylight yesterday. (2001. 1)

A) being robbed     B) having been robbed   C) to have been robbed   D) robbed

There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __________ trouble. (1997. 1)

A) making           B) to make          C) to have made      D) having made

I’ll never forget __________ you for the first time. (2001. 1)

A) to meet         B) meeting        C) to have met     D) having to be meeting

4．倒裝

1）虛擬條件句，省略if，同時將had, were, should提到主語之前

Were it not for your help, we couldn’t have arrived there.

     2) so/such...that

        So little did he know about the subject that he had to stay up preparing for the exam.

     3) as, though, no matter how (what), however

        Young as he is, he has accomplished a lot.

        However cold it is, he will go swimming in the lake.

     4) so, neither, nor

         He didn’t go to the concert, neither did his family.

     5) no, hardly, never, scarcely, seldom, barely, rarely, no longer, not until, no sooner...than,   

       hardly...when, not only...but also, not, little, at no time, by no means, on no account, in

       no case, in no way, under/in no circumstances在句首

     6）only+adverb, prepositional phrase, adverbial clause

        Only in this way can we hope to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

     7) here/there/now/then/hence

        Here comes the bus.

We have been told that under no circumstances __________ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. (1999. 6)

A) may we use     B) we may use     C) we could use      D) did we use

5．一致性

1）時態一致

2）主謂一致

（1）時間，重量，長度，價值，面積，體積可以是單數

（2）and表示一個整體，用單數

bread and butter, cup and saucer, knife and fork, ebb and flow, needle and thread, trial and error, law and order, teacher and mother, president and commander-in-chief

        （3）people, police, cattle, poultry, militia, youth通常為復數；public, family,

            committee, audience, choir, class, club, company, council, crew, firm, gang,

            school, staff, union, board, flock, government, jury可單可復

        （4）any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everyone,

     everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something

（5）with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, accompanied by, in addition to,

     rather than, besides, as much as

（6）either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but

（7）a number of, the number of

The owner and editor of the newspaper __________ attend the conference. (2002. 6)

A) is to                                B) are to

The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, __________ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. (2000. 6)

A) allow           B) allows          C) allowing         D) have allowed