10.答案B

　　【解析】have difficulty(in)doing sth.“做……有困難”，固定用法。

　　11.答案A

　　【解析】由however可以看出，這句話的意思是對前面“子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影響”的轉折。modify“修改、修飾”;give up“放棄”。copy和continue不符合文義。

　　12.答案B

　　【解析】influenced“受影響的”;mature“成熟的”;unique“惟一的”;independent“獨立的”。句后用by…作介詞短語，故此處需要一個過去分詞。

　　13.答案C

　　【解析】這里是說“孤立的事件，甚至是富有戲劇性的事，都不一定會對孩子的行為產生永久的影響”。

　　14.答案D

　　【解析】have an effect on“對……產生影響”，固定搭配。

　　15.答案B

　　【解析】逗號后面的一句是對前句的解釋，是舉例說明，故選for

　　example。

　　16.答案A

　　【解析】這里or與連接的兩個詞都應是意義相似的令人不愉快的事，選項中與divorce相對應的詞只有death。

　　17.答案A

　　【解析】interpret與as搭配，意為“把……理解為”。

　　18.答案C

　　【解析】這句是說“并不是所有的孩子同樣地都受到玩具、游戲、讀物、電視節目的影響。alike“同樣地”，意思最接近。

　　19.答案D

　　【解析】as“正如……”;A、B項選擇是感嘆詞，后面多用逗號。Right在意思上不合適。

　　20.答案B

　　【解析】本句意為：家庭關系的突然變化或某種經歷對孩子的影響取決于他們對這些事如何理解。result“結果”;effect“影響”;scale“刻度”;cause“原因”

　　Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.

　　Concepts of reading have changed __1__ over the centuries.

　　During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to __2__ the reading process.

　　__3__ specialists agree that reading __4__ a complex organization of higher mental __5__ , they disagree __6__ the exact nature of the process.

　　Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, __7__ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand __8__ .

　　These authorities __9__ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.

　　Others maintain that reading is __10__ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without __11__ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, __12__ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who __13__ reads.

　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its __14__ .

　　By some expert they would not be __15__ as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.