第6課

　　關(guān)于逗號(hào)的一些知識(shí)

　　原則：逗號(hào)沒(méi)有能力連接兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子。

　　如何區(qū)分短語(yǔ)與句子?一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如果有完整的謂語(yǔ)部分就是句子.

　　何為完整的謂語(yǔ)部分?如果能判斷出一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)就可以稱這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為完整的謂語(yǔ)部分。

　　在什么樣的情況下一個(gè)逗號(hào)可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語(yǔ)呢?

　　1 兩個(gè)句子中間有連接詞連接;

　　2 這兩個(gè)句子是主從句關(guān)系(主從句之間一定要有句子引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo))。

　　10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer. [declined v. 婉言謝絕]

　　A not being finished B not having finished

　　C had not been finished D was not finished

　　42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising. [survey 調(diào)查]

　　A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

　　51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. [having been canceled這里是獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)]

　　A had been canceled B have been canceled

　　C were canceled D having been canceled

　　46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. [variable n. 變項(xiàng)，變量;model vt. 建模]

　　A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

　　even if 即使，即便; so long as (后面加句子時(shí))只要。

　　47. My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.

　　A would leave B will have left C has left D had left

　　將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

　　49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.

　　A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

　　sting v. (蜜蜂)叮，蟄; bite v. (蚊子等)咬; scratch vt. 抓傷，劃破(通常指貓抓人)。

　　once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。

　　50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.

　　A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

　　in vain 徒勞，白費(fèi)工夫; But很少與介詞without聯(lián)用; at a loss 不知所措。

　　52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

　　A By B On C At D For

　　on后面加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示“在…之后”這個(gè)時(shí)間概念。

　　54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.

　　A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

　　should have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該做; may have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示可能做過(guò);

　　與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式可能用到：would have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

　　must have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)。表示一定做過(guò);

　　can't have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為進(jìn)行否定推測(cè)，表示不可能做過(guò)。

　　56. This crop does not do well in soils[各種土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.

　　A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

　　outside prep. 在…外邊; rather than 而不是(肯定前者，否定后者)。

　　beyond prep. 超出…的范圍; beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢(mèng)想。

　　other than 不同于，而非，當(dāng)它與否定詞no或not出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中時(shí)表示“除…之外”。