Script

　　Sports and games are very useful for character training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness, courage, discipline and love of one’ s country. But what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a child’ s character as what is learned by experience. As most of the pupils’ time is spent in classes studying lessons, the ordinary day school can’ t give much practical training for their lives in the future. So it is what the pupils do in the spare time that really prepares them to take their places in society as citizens when they grow up. If each of them learns to work for his team, and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.

　　Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　18. What is the speaker’s opinion about learning from books?

　　19. Why isn’t ordinary day school unable to give pupils much training for their future lives?

　　20. What can help to develop the child’s love of his country according to the speaker?

　　Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　17. A) For protection against other animals.

　　B) For protection against other dogs.

　　C) Just for fun.

　　D) For the purpose of guarding the house.

　　18. A) Because they did not eat other animals.

　　B) Because they were useful for protection.

　　C) Because they were good hunters.

　　D) Because they always obeyed their masters.

　　19. A) For companionship.

　　B) For amusement.

　　C) For protection against robbery.

　　D) For hunting.

　　20. A) The city can be a lonely place.

　　B) Life in the West can be very dangerous.

　　C) People in the West are fond of animals.

　　D) The dog is a useful and friendly animal.

　　Script

　　When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reasons why people keep a dog have changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect them­selves against attacks by other beasts. And later they came to realize that a dog was not only use­ful for protection but willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunt­ing, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permission. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is for companion­ship. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.

　　Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　17. According to the passage, what were dogs trained for in the past?

　　18. Why were dogs used for hunting?

　　19. What is the most important reason for people in the city to keep dogs now?

　　20. What is the main idea of this passage?