Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　The Romans built great “aqueducts” to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Roman (36) Emperors even set up a (37) government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.

　　When the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these (38) civilized methods of treatment (39) disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions, which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the (40) diseases. They shut up (41) mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have (42) magic powers. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost.

　　Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the (43) Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. (44) They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries.

　　(45) When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly, European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. (46) Slowly, they began to make new discoveries and found out more about the way the body works.