英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話4大設(shè)題點(diǎn)
1. 開(kāi)頭處設(shè)題
如果將長(zhǎng)對(duì)話比作一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，那么開(kāi)頭處歷來(lái)是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地，并且長(zhǎng)對(duì)話開(kāi)頭部分一般會(huì)涉及全文主旨。
例1：What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?
A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.
B) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.
C) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.
D) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.
原文: W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
答案：D)。對(duì)話開(kāi)頭女士指出，Jarvis Bastian博士所做試驗(yàn)的目的就是訓(xùn)練雄海豚Bass和雌海豚Doris隔著固體障礙物進(jìn)行交流，故D)為答案。
2. 信息集中處設(shè)題
談話雙方交談最熱烈的地方往往也是設(shè)題的熱點(diǎn)所在，并且因?yàn)槠湫畔⑤^集中，往往會(huì)多次設(shè)題。因此要注意除了做好聽(tīng)音前的預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)、聽(tīng)音時(shí)的適當(dāng)筆記外，還需要對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話有較好的把握，在細(xì)節(jié)信息集中的地方認(rèn)真聆聽(tīng)。
例2：What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light?
A) Press the right-hand lever first. C) Raise their heads above the water.
B) Produce the appropriate sound. D) Swim straight into the same tank.
原文：W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.
答案：A)。對(duì)話中女士指出，如果出現(xiàn)燈閃，海豚會(huì)先按左邊的杠桿，然后按右邊的杠桿;如果燈持續(xù)亮著，則是相反的順序，即先右后左，故A)為答案。
3. 對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的理解設(shè)題
主要考查對(duì)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的整體理解。通常提問(wèn)談話人主要交談了什么內(nèi)容，或某一方的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或行動(dòng)。這類題的解題依據(jù)主要有四點(diǎn)：一是根據(jù)對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭判斷該對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容;二是根據(jù)對(duì)話的結(jié)尾判斷對(duì)話的主題;三是根據(jù)對(duì)話中多次出現(xiàn)的主要信息做合理的判斷;四是通過(guò)預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合理的推理排除。
例3：How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?
A) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.
B) The male dolphin received more rewards. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.
原文：W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.
答案：C)。對(duì)話中女士提出，在試驗(yàn)的第二階段，兩只海豚被分別放在不同的水箱里，燈光和杠桿保持不變，但只有Doris能夠看到燈光指示信號(hào)，故C)為答案。
4. 結(jié)尾處設(shè)題
同對(duì)話開(kāi)頭處一樣，結(jié)尾處也是設(shè)題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾處經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)某一方的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)?lái)的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，因此結(jié)尾處也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的設(shè)題點(diǎn)。
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