15)開篇

　　1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

　　2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

　　3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

　　4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...

　　5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...

　　6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.

　　7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...

　　8) According to a recent survey, ...

　　9) With the rapid development of ..., ...

　　16)結尾

　　1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

　　2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...

　　3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...

　　4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

　　5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.

　　6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...

　　7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.

　　8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

　　9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...

　　10) Taking all these into account, we ...

　　11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...