1.2.5 結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)法

　　結(jié)尾段(Concluding Paragraph)同開(kāi)篇一樣重要。結(jié)尾段對(duì)全文要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)、表達(dá)作者的目的，以求留給讀者一個(gè)深刻完整的印象，增強(qiáng)文章的效果。下面介紹四種常見(jiàn)的結(jié)尾方法：

　　1) 總結(jié)全文,得出結(jié)論

　　結(jié)尾段可用總結(jié)全文的方式強(qiáng)調(diào)、概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，加深讀者對(duì)全文的深刻了解與認(rèn)識(shí)。例如：

　　主題：Physical exercise

　　In a word, I benefit a lot from doing physical exercise. I seldom get sick but feel vigorous even after a whole day’s work. I shall keep up doing physical exercise so as to live happily and fruitfully.

　　本段總結(jié)了全文，加深讀者對(duì)“體育鍛煉有益于健康”這一主題的認(rèn)識(shí)。

　　2) 提出建議,號(hào)召行動(dòng),表達(dá)決心或展望未來(lái)

　　結(jié)尾段還可以在總結(jié)全文要點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文中所提的暫時(shí)無(wú)法解決或尚無(wú)定論的問(wèn)題適當(dāng)引申，或提出建議，號(hào)召別人采取行動(dòng)，或展望未來(lái)。這種方法可以啟發(fā)讀者思考并予以鼓舞，有助于增強(qiáng)文章的感染力。例如：

　　主題：Generation gap

　　In order to reconcile the differences, some forms of organization should be established to help the young and the old to exchange their ideas and strengthen their mutual understanding so as to bridge the gap.

　　該段就怎樣彌補(bǔ)代溝方面提出一些建議。

　　3) 建議與結(jié)論

　　文章的結(jié)尾常結(jié)合兩種寫(xiě)法。有的先提出建議或解決辦法，再做結(jié)論。有的則先做出結(jié)論，再提出建議，例如：

　　主題：Shortage of natural resources(自然資源短缺)

　　The prolonged development of human society proves that population and economic and social progress eventually cannot be achieved without natural resources. To save the limited resources, we must take some measures to handle appropriately the relationship between the population and resources.

　　該段首先進(jìn)行總結(jié)：人類社會(huì)持續(xù)的發(fā)展證明，如果沒(méi)有自然資源，人口的繁衍、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展最終都是不可能的。

　　作者接著建議，為了節(jié)約有限的資源，我們必須采取一些措施，正確處理人口與資源的關(guān)系。

　　4) 提醒讀者事物的兩面性

　　文章的結(jié)尾還可以以轉(zhuǎn)折的形式，提醒讀者任何事物都有兩面性，從而認(rèn)識(shí)到其不足或負(fù)面的影響。例如：

　　主題：Solar Energy(太陽(yáng)能)

　　However, solar energy has its disadvantages. One is that it is still very expensive for widespread practical use. Besides, solar systems would not work in cloudy or rainy days as well as at night. But in sunny areas, solar energy could help solve the energy crisis.