①【解析】這個(gè)句子由兩部分組成,主語(yǔ)都是“part time education”,第一部分的“that is…”做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。 第二部分的謂語(yǔ)由兩部分組成,即“tends to…”和“…puts…”。
【譯文】函授教育就是在晚間或者一個(gè)月的每個(gè)周末去學(xué)校上課,這種教育傾向于把時(shí)間拖得很長(zhǎng),并且很多人難于完成這種學(xué)位。
②【解析】此句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單,主要要求考生掌握一些常用詞,如“airmail”,“facsimile machine”,“teleconferencing”等。
【譯文】教師的輔導(dǎo)可以通過(guò)定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會(huì)議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進(jìn)行。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要通過(guò)函授教育和遠(yuǎn)程教育的比較,來(lái)說(shuō)明遠(yuǎn)程教育的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
1.A推斷題。問(wèn)題問(wèn)及選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)不是業(yè)余教育的缺點(diǎn)。依據(jù)文章第一段中nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time可以看出,參加全日制學(xué)習(xí)需要中斷自己的事業(yè),在第二段中作者又說(shuō)Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 業(yè)余教育,只需要晚上和周末學(xué)習(xí),因此需要中斷自己的事業(yè)不是部分時(shí)間教育的缺點(diǎn)。而其他選項(xiàng)都是文章提及的part time education的不利條件。
2.D細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)是幾種教育方式之間的比較,問(wèn)題問(wèn)及哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容不是遠(yuǎn)程教育的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。前三個(gè)選項(xiàng),A.“學(xué)生可以選擇自己的進(jìn)度”,B.“學(xué)生可以在他(或她)方便的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)”,C.“在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)還可以追求自己的事業(yè)”都是文章中提及的與另兩種方式比較的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在文章第二段最后,作者指出Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. 輔導(dǎo)可以通過(guò)定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會(huì)議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進(jìn)行,作者只是提出了一種可能,實(shí)際上是彌補(bǔ)distance education的不足的一個(gè)建議,并不是遠(yuǎn)程教育(函授)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.D細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A、B、C在文章中都沒有提及,依據(jù)文章最后一段,a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business 一個(gè)良好的遠(yuǎn)程教育計(jì)劃不僅對(duì)個(gè)人有好處,而且對(duì)那些公司或者商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)也是意義重大。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)的也正是這個(gè)意思,故為正確選項(xiàng)。
4.C細(xì)節(jié)題。意為:教授和學(xué)生之間的關(guān)系是嚴(yán)格地“一對(duì)一的”,而這不符合作者意圖,參見原文末段,individuality 并不是意指嚴(yán)格地“一對(duì)一”。
5.A細(xì)節(jié)題。注意本題與上題的區(qū)別,上一題問(wèn)及遠(yuǎn)程教育對(duì)公司的好處,本題則是遠(yuǎn)程教育對(duì)職工,也就是個(gè)人的好處。同樣依據(jù)文章最后一段,a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. 遠(yuǎn)程教育可以幫助雇員提高教育素質(zhì)和職業(yè)技能從而促使事業(yè)的發(fā)展,正確選項(xiàng)為A。
參考譯文
現(xiàn)在,那些想繼續(xù)接受教育的人,都面臨著許多選擇。然而,幾乎所有的人都會(huì)中斷事業(yè)去參加學(xué)校的全日制課程。
函授教育是晚間或一個(gè)月的每個(gè)周末去學(xué)校上課,這種教育傾向于把時(shí)間拖得很長(zhǎng),并且很多人難于完成這種學(xué)位。而且,這種課程有固定的時(shí)間,這也對(duì)參加者的工作和生活帶來(lái)一定的負(fù)面影響。
在關(guān)于教學(xué)的眾多方法中,遠(yuǎn)程教育或許是最方便,最具靈活性的了。遠(yuǎn)程教育允許學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的進(jìn)度靈活變通地進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),直到達(dá)到教學(xué)要求的目標(biāo)。這種教育方法在現(xiàn)代世界中是十分必要的,課程要求的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間可以根據(jù)個(gè)人生活中的其它需要而暫時(shí)擱置或另作安排。此外,學(xué)生在工作的同時(shí)就可以在世界上的任何地方學(xué)習(xí)遠(yuǎn)程教育的課程。教師的輔導(dǎo)可以通過(guò)定期的航空郵件、電話、傳真和電話會(huì)議以及因特網(wǎng)等方式進(jìn)行。
良好的遠(yuǎn)程教育計(jì)劃以每一科目都具有課程評(píng)估方法為特征。
這樣就省去了學(xué)生必須從家跑到學(xué)校參加考試的麻煩。另一個(gè)特征是遠(yuǎn)程教育課程所采用的學(xué)習(xí)資料與在校生的學(xué)習(xí)資料是一樣的。無(wú)論參加的是遠(yuǎn)程教育還是學(xué)校教育,學(xué)生所取得的文憑與學(xué)位都是一樣的。還有一個(gè)特征是,教授與學(xué)生的關(guān)系是一對(duì)一的。從最后的分析中可以看到,一個(gè)良好的遠(yuǎn)程教育計(jì)劃不僅對(duì)學(xué)生個(gè)人有好處,而且對(duì)公司或商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)也是意義重大,它可以幫助雇員提高教育素質(zhì),職業(yè)技能從而促進(jìn)事業(yè)發(fā)展。因此,支持雇員參加遠(yuǎn)程教育課程會(huì)使公司具備一種優(yōu)勢(shì),那就是擁有一批有職業(yè)頭腦并為個(gè)人和職業(yè)發(fā)展不斷進(jìn)步的員工。
Passage 8建議用時(shí):6.5分鐘From:To:
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.
『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested… They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③
1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
A. fight militarism
B. overcome the widespread drug dependency
C. take an active part in solving society’s ills
D. support our old and established institutions
2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming .
A. more sure about them
B. less sure about them
C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D. completely disillusioned about ever
3. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .
A. a parenthetical expression
B. a difficult puzzle
C. an abnormal condition
D. a self-contradiction
4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.
A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god
B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D. an academy for intelligent people
5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard .
A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D. will influence future life in America
Vocabulary
1.paradox n. 似非而是的論點(diǎn);似非而可能是的雋語(yǔ);自相矛盾的話
2.sanctuary n. 避難所
3.clapboard n. 隔板,墻板,桶板
4.distinguished adj. 卓著的,著名的,高貴的
5.partisanship n. 黨派性,黨派偏見
6.disinterested adj. 無(wú)私的
7.impair v. 削弱,傷害
8.militant adj. 好戰(zhàn)的,戰(zhàn)斗性的
9.be bound to 一定要……
長(zhǎng)難句解析
①【解析】此句由兩個(gè)并列的句子組成,“apart from…”做第一個(gè)句子“sanctuary”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
【譯文】哈佛或其它一些大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)智力的避難所,遠(yuǎn)離當(dāng)今的政治和社會(huì)變革;還應(yīng)當(dāng)是政治和社會(huì)變革的一塊實(shí)驗(yàn)基地,或者甚至是革命的一部發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)呢?
、凇窘馕觥?jī)蓚(gè)“the moment”引導(dǎo)的句子做此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
【譯文】顯然,當(dāng)大學(xué)處于政治和私有企業(yè)的控制下,或者他們自己從事政治和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時(shí),他們作為獨(dú)立和公正判斷的價(jià)值觀將會(huì)收到傷害。
、邸窘馕觥窟@個(gè)長(zhǎng)句由三個(gè)句子組成,“but”引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折句,“and”引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)并列句。be bound to“肯定會(huì),必定”。
【譯文】他們甚至不清楚應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣討論和解決他們的問(wèn)題,但是他們每個(gè)人正在奮斗,并且哈佛大學(xué)議論的結(jié)果必定影響20世紀(jì)90年代美國(guó)的大學(xué)和政治生活。
答案與詳解
【短文大意】本文主要講述哈佛大學(xué)正面臨的一個(gè)重要的爭(zhēng)論,即一所大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)是什么樣的,現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)是否是符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,哈佛大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離政治和社會(huì),還是作為政治和社會(huì)的一塊實(shí)驗(yàn)田。
1.C細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段實(shí)際上已經(jīng)告訴我們本文要討論的議題。選項(xiàng)C提到的觀點(diǎn)是“大學(xué)應(yīng)該保持獨(dú)立”這一論點(diǎn)的對(duì)立面,屬議題范圍之內(nèi)。
2.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章末段,Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 可知正確選項(xiàng)為B。
3.D詞匯題。從第四段我們可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。
4.C詞匯題。意為:“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起來(lái)避過(guò)災(zāi)禍的地方。在中世紀(jì)一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充當(dāng)躲避任何政府懲罰的避難所,所以A、B兩項(xiàng)也是與它詞義有一點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)的,D關(guān)系最小。
5.D觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)文章末尾,and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s. 作者認(rèn)為在哈佛的爭(zhēng)論的結(jié)果一定會(huì)影響美國(guó)的大學(xué)和政治生活。本題中的ferment意為“騷動(dòng),紛擾”,指的就是文章所說(shuō)的爭(zhēng)論。因此D符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。
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