第二節(jié)：其他形式的條件句中的虛擬語氣

　　一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果沒有”(相當(dāng)于if it were not　for…)表示條件時(shí)，句中一般用虛擬語氣。(也可用陳述語氣)

　　Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.

　　In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.

　　二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order　that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語氣。(有時(shí)也可用陳述語氣)

　　They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.

　　三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果沒有"，表示條件虛擬句：

　　(1). Without air, nothing could live.要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。

　　(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。

　　(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒有水和空氣，什么也不能生存。

　　第五部分：其他幾種情況下的虛擬語氣

　　第一節(jié)：虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中的應(yīng)用

　　虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同

　　1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。例如：

　　(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯獨(dú)他要對發(fā)生的一切負(fù)責(zé)。

　　(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事來好象是個(gè)電視專家。

　　(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾倫談起羅馬來好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。

　　(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))

　　(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))他假裝好象完全不懂那事，其實(shí)他對那事非常了解。

　　2. 表示過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。如：

　　(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.

　　A. hasn't watered 　　　　B. didn't water

　　C. hadn't bee watered 　　D. wasn't watered

　　那棵樹看上去好象很久沒人給澆水了。(答案是c)

　　(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí))

　　(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí))那老人看著照片，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時(shí)光。

　　3.表示與將來事實(shí)相反:

　　(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示與將來事實(shí)相反)

　　(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動(dòng)詞meet，表示與將來事實(shí)相反)他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會再相見的樣子。

　　注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實(shí), 用陳述語氣.

　　He looks as if he is going to be ill.

　　第二節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在lest，for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中

　　在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動(dòng)詞多由should +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。

　　例如：

　　⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。

　　⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.

　　a. injure　　b. injured 　　c. had injure　　d. would injure

　　這個(gè)瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)墻上裝有襯墊的病房，以免傷了他自己。(答案是a)

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