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　　主題思想(the Main Idea)。也稱作中心思想，是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的核心內(nèi)容，也是作者自始自終要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。能否抓住一篇文章的主題思想，體現(xiàn)了讀者總結(jié)、概括和歸納事物的能力。把握了主題思想也有助于對(duì)文中。因此，可以說(shuō)，找出主題思想是一項(xiàng)最重要的閱讀技能。

　　一、抓主題思想。我們首先要學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

　　例如：

　　Directions: Choose the most general word.

　　(A) chemist (B) physicist

　　(C) scientist (D) biologist

　　該問(wèn)題要求找出最有概括性的詞。(C) scientist 符合題意，因?yàn)樗�包含了chemist, physicist和biologist，而(A)，(B)和(D)都指某一具體學(xué)科的科學(xué)家，不能概括其它的詞。因此，scientist最有概括性。

　　例二：

　　Directions: Choose the most general sentence.

　　(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.

　　(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.

　　(C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.

　　(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.

　　(A)， (C)，(D)都是從不同的側(cè)面說(shuō)明旅館的服務(wù)情況，相互間并無(wú)聯(lián)系。而(B)卻概括了(A)，(C)和(D)的共性的東西，即：為什么旅客住在這家旅館 里有賓至如歸的感覺(jué)。因此，(B)符合題意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A)，(B)，(C)，(D)幾條信息，那末，(B)就是該段中心思想。由于同 樣的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容，那末，這些段落所圍繞和要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題就是該文的中心思想。

　　例三：

　　Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)

　　1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.

　　2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority during burglaries...

　　3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....

　　Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?

　　(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?

　　(B) Is Your Family Safe?

　　(C) Should You Arm Yourself Against Crime?