Passage Seventeen (A Strong Stock Market)

　　The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.

　　The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’s earnings. We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.

　　1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is

　　[A]. A Time to Sell Stock. [B]. A Strong Stock Market

　　[C]. Raising the Margin Rate [C]. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel

　　2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do?

　　[A]. They look to the FRB for help. [B]. They buy steel

　　[C]. They buy automobile stocks. [D]. They look for high yields.

　　3. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?

　　[A]. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.

　　[B]. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.

　　[C]. Because the rise was conservative.

　　[D]. Because of the FRB action.

　　4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do?

　　[A]. They look for accelerated growth. [B]. They buy speciality stocks.

　　[C]. They look for high yields. [C]. They are more prudent.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. margin rate 保證金率，邊際比率

　　2. rampant 無約束力，猖獗的，蔓延的

　　3. stem 遏制

　　4. stem from 滋長，源自

　　5. underpin 加強(qiáng)……基礎(chǔ)，支持

　　6. underpinning 支持物，基礎(chǔ)(建筑物下的)

　　7. preoccupy 先占，使專心于，吸引住

　　8. undue 過分的，非法的，不適當(dāng)?shù)?/P>

　　9. interim 間歇;暫時(shí)的，間歇的

　　10. guideline 方針，指導(dǎo)路線

　　11. underscore 在……下面劃線，強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　12. point up 加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　13. bluechip 蘭籌股票

　　14. blue-chip 蘭籌的

　　15. outperform 在使用上勝過

　　16. overprice 將……標(biāo)價(jià)過高

　　17. numerical ratio 數(shù)率，數(shù)字比率

　　18. earnings 收益，利潤，收入

　　19. contend 競爭，堅(jiān)決主張，爭論

　　20. premium 傭金，酬金