There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine(內燃機)has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞)being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a formof literacy (讀寫能力);it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.

　　Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who havechosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.

　　Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase learning to use a computer mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired,enable one to use a computer.

　　In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like “learning to play a game”,but learning the rulesof one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thingas teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _______.

　　A. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science

　　B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do

　　C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills

　　D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car

　　2. In the second paragraph“auto repair”and“violin-making”are mentioned to show that _______ .

　　A. programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin

　　B. our society needs experts in different fields

　　C. violin making requires as much skill as computer programming

　　D. people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming

　　3. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _______ .

　　A. programs are becoming less complicated

　　B. programs are designed to be convenient to users

　　C. programming is becoming easier and easier

　　D. programs are becoming readily available to computer users

　　4. According to the author,the phrase“learning to use a computer”(Lines3,4,Para.3) means learning _______.

　　A. a set of rules B. the fundamentals of computer science

　　C. specific programs D. general principles of programming

　　5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _______.

　　A. to stress the impact of the computer on society

　　B. to explain the concept of computer literacy

　　C. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow

　　D. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job

　　1.[C] 推理判斷題。第2段提到未來有能力的人應該從恐懼中解脫出來，第3段則提到學習計算機則就像是“學開車”一樣，只要掌握某套技能即可，故可知有能力的人只需要通過掌握技能學習計算機即可，而不必學習編程，故C正確。

　　2.[D] 詞義理解題。在第2段中，作者強調一般人只需學會使用計算機，而不必學會編程，最后指出這與“汽車修理”和“小提琴制作”一樣，可見作者提到“汽車修理”(類似一般人使用計算機)和“小提琴創作”(數似于電 腦專業人員編程)還是為了說明上文的觀點，故D正確。

　　3.[B] 事實細節題。第3段首句提到學習使用計算機越來越容易的原因是計算機編程變得更user-friendly, B中的convenient to users與此相符，故正確。

　　4.[C] 句意理解題。第4段指出教人學習使用計算機就是教人use this or that program，故C與此相符。

　　5.[B] 主旨大意題。本文圍繞學生應如何學習計算機，闡述計算機能力(computer literacy)的概念;它只是一種技能,故B正確。A、C、D均只是利用文中的片言只語拼湊而成的干擾項，不足以概括文章大意。

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