2001年1月

In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854． Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable ．Both in Europe and in the U．S．, the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women． In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship． _6  the number of nurseries in the U．S． also rose 7, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind． During the years following the First World War, 8, federal, state and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries ,chiefly by 10 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries ．

The 11of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were12 called upon to replace men in the factories．On this13 the U．S．government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers．Many states and local communities15 this Federal aid． By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16in daycare centers receiving Federal 17．Soon afterward, the Federal government 18cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later19them causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation．However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled．

1．A） latter               B） late               C） other                    D） first

2．A） those              B） them             C） whose                  D） whom

3．A） impetus           B） input             C） imitation               D） initiative

4．A） sources           B） abundance     C） shortage               D） reduction

5．A） hardly             B） entirely          C） only                     D） even

6．A） Because          B） As                C） Since                   D） Although

7．A） unanimously    B） sharply          C） predominantly       D） militantly

8．A） therefore         B） consequently C） however               D） moreover

9．A） over                      B） in                  C） at                        D） moreover

10．A） formulating    B） labeling          C） patenting              D） licensing

11．A） outset            B） outbreak        C） breakthrough               D） breakdown

12．A） again             B） thus              C） repeatedly             D） yet

13．A） circumstance        B） occasion        C） case                     D） situation

14．A） regulating      B） summoning    C） allocating              D） transferring

15．A） expanded       B） facilitated       C） supplemented        D） compensated

16．A） by                B） after              C） of                        D） for

17．A） pensions        B） subsidies       C） revenues              D） budgets

18．A） prevalently     B） furiously        C） statistically           D） drastically

19．A） abolished       B） diminished     C） jeopardized           D） precluded

20．A） nurseries       B） homes           C） jobs                     D） children