When some nineteenth�瞔entury New Yorkers said “Harlem”,

　　they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.

　　Toward the end of the century, however, a group

　　of citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________

　　and more precise sense of community—designated a section that

　　they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the

　　Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________

　　new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and

　　lower blocks of the West Side.��

　　As the community became predominantly Black, the very

　　word“Harlem” seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________

　　easy to forget that “Harlem”was originally the Dutch name

　　“Harlem”; the community it described had been founded by 4.________

　　people from Holland；and that for most of its three centuries—it

　　was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been preoccupied 5.________

　　by White New Yorkers. “Harlem”became synonymous to 6.________

　　Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there

　　used the word as though they had coined it on themselves—not 7.________

　　only to designate their area of residence but to express their

　　sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the

　　years passed, “Harlem”asserted an even larger meaning. In 8.________

　　the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the

　　Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem “became the symbol of liberty

　　and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere”.��

　　By 1919 Harlem"s population had grown by several thousand.

　　It had received its share of wartime migration from the South,

　　the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the

　　new arrivals merely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________

　　come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities

　　of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New

　　York was merely the city in which they found themselves:

　　Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10.________

　　答案

　　1. want→ wanting��

　　該句的謂語動詞在破折號之后，即“designate”，因此有必要將前一動詞變成分詞形式。

　　2. Harlem ∧ which → to��

　　黑人們搬進了Harlem，因此這里Harlem是先行詞，關系代詞應當表示地點，即可以是where，也可以是“介詞+which”的形式。��

　　3. time → times��

　　“at a time”是“一次”的意思，而“at times”是“時而，偶爾”的意思。��

　　4.Harlem; ∧ the community → that��

　　“forget”后面引導的是三個賓語從句，在這種情況下，“that”通常不能省略。

　　5.preoccupied → occupied��

　　“be preoccupied with sth.”指“忙于某事”�！皁ccupy”是“占領”之意。

　　6．to → with��

　　“by synonymous with”是“與……等同”“與……意義相同”的意思,與synonymous搭配的是介詞with。

　　7.on → ／��

　　“by themselves”或“on their own”都表示“他們自己”的意思，“coin”是“創造”之意。��

　　8.asserted → assumed�� “assert”是“肯定，斷定”，“assume”指開始具有某種(品質或形象等)，強調的是一個從無到有的發展過程。��

　　9.for → in��

　　由下文“it was New York they had come to”可知這些人并非是為Harlem而活著，因為他們的目標是整個紐約城，他們只是居住在Harlem罷了。��

　　10.what → where��