1.分析性論說文

　　分析性論說文的寫作重點(diǎn)在于分析主題的性質(zhì)，提出具體的建議或解決方案。作者可以依據(jù)論說文的結(jié)構(gòu)(導(dǎo)言、正文和結(jié)尾)在第一段引入主題，隨后在正文部分對主題進(jìn)行分析，最后在結(jié)尾部分提出建議。例如Advantages of a Job Interview(1995年6月全國四級作文題),Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus (1997年6月全國四級作文題)都屬于這一范疇。下面是一篇以污染為主題的作文：

　　Pollution is harmful to human beings. Polluted water causes many kinds of diseases such as diarrhea, vomit, etc. And sometimes these diseases even take man�餾 life. Dirty air or air�瞓orne garbage causes stinging eyes and running nose.

　　Nowadays pollution problems have not been completely solved. Pesticides are widely used almost everywhere. They pollute soil, water and food. They have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and beardless. Some factories are still using sea as a dumping place for wastes. Some lakes are still dirty. Quite a few chimneys are still pouring smoke into air and noise pollution remains serious.

　　Measures should be taken to control pollution. Legislative steps should be introduced and pollutants should be trapped before they are poured out of chimneys.

　　文章在導(dǎo)言部分引入主題：污染有害于人類。在正文部分分析了污染會給人類造成哪些具體的危害。最后在結(jié)尾部分提出了防治污染的措施。

　　2.批駁性論說文

　　批駁性論說文在各類試題中多是給出一些有爭議的觀點(diǎn)或做法，由考生對其進(jìn)行分析、評論和駁斥，目的是為了得出正確的結(jié)論或者給出問題的解決方法。例如：Is Failure a Bad Thing?(1992年1月四級作文題)/Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?(1998年6月四級作文題)/Can Money Buy Happiness?(1996年1月四級作文題)/Reading Selectively or Extensively?(1996年6月四級作文題)

　　[例1]

　　Does Lottery Really Bring Us Luck?

　　Nowadays, many people are enthusiastic about buying all kinds of lottery tickets. The purpose of them is to realize their dreams of becoming rich. However, some people don�餿 agree on this activity. They think trying luck on lottery is harmful. They believe that such practice is likely to make people expect good luck rather than hard work to achieve their goals.

　　I believe that it is a meaningful thing. It does more good than harm to our society. First, the money collected can be used to help poor and the needed. Second, the accumulated money will be helpful to promote our welfare and make contribution to the whole society. Moreover if you are lucky enough, you may be rewarded.

　　So I favor lottery tickets, if I have some money, I�餷l buy them.

　　作者在第一段提出了人們對彩票的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)，接下來在正文部分提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，并闡述了自己之所以堅持這一觀點(diǎn)的原因。