Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery” — feeling important and worthwhile — and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure” — finding life enjoyable — are not always identical. Women often are told“You can't have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is:“You chose a career, so you can't expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children — what's all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.
Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem (自尊), a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimension, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism (樂觀). It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.
The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.
A woman's well-being is enhanced (增進) when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.
36. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .
A) for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”
B) for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”
C) women can't have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time
D) a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to women
37. The author's attitude towards women having a career is .
A) critical B) positive C) neutral D) realistic
38. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, .
A) it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain
B) she will be more successful in her career
C) her chances of getting promoted will be greater
D) her life will be richer and more meaningful
39. Which of the following can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for women?
A) Family life. C) Multiple roles in society.
B) Regular employment. D) Freedom from anxiety.
40. The most appropriate title for the passage would be .
A) The well-being of Career Women C) Two Aspects of Women's Well-Being
B) Sources of Mastery and Pleasure D) Multiple Roles of Women in Society
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