歸納

　　歸納是一種由特殊(個別)到一般的概括，從閱讀理解角度說，所謂個別即具體細節，所謂一般即章節段落的大意或主題，歸納是由特殊細節推向一般主題的概括過程。

　　我們可以借助詞的上下義關系來領會掌握并運用歸納這一方法。

　　(1) 句子的歸納

　　A) Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences　previously associated with the preparation of meals.

　　B) Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven　without being defrosted.

　　C) Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are　away from the kitchen.

　　D) The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it　takes to cook a meal.

　　題中四句話都提到微波爐的好處，其中B、C、D

　　分別從方便、解凍、定時三個不同的方面具體講述微波爐不同于傳統炊具的優勢，而A則從整體上覆蓋了上述三句的內容，故A是對B、C、D的概括，上述分析、尋找最具概括意義之選項的過程即為歸納過程。推而廣之，我們可用之于段落和短文主題的歸納。

　　(2) 段落大意的歸納

　　Although most universities in the United States are run on a　semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some　schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring,　and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is　divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in　September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is　composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take　advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in　all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall　quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other

　　quarters.

　　A) Universities in the United States

　　B) The Academic Year

　　C) The Quarter System

　　D) The Semester System

　　本段由四個句子組成，各句大意分別為：1)有些學校實行四學期制;2)學年從9月至下年7月，前三個學期各長11周，夏季學期最短;3)學生可于任何學期注冊入學;4)但大多數學生秋季入學。通過上述四句大意的歸納，可知本段落主要講述美國大學的一種學期制，即Quarter

　　System，答案為C。

　　(3) 短文主題的歸納

　　①Proponents of father-attended childbirth assert that the father’s　experience encourages him to develop a closer bond with his child…

　　②As a father of three teenagers from a previous marriage, one man　compared his past experience as a new father to being in the　delivery room during the birth of his newborn daughter…

　　③ Women report that they are much less anxious and more aware of　what is going on when their husbands are with them when they give　birth…

　　A) The Father-Daughter Relationship

　　B) Baby’s First View of Life

　　C) Dad in the Delivery Room

　　文章共三段，分別給出了各段的主題句。第一段談贊成女子分娩時丈夫陪在其身邊的觀點并認為這一經歷有利于將來父子關系的發展;第二段從男子的角度談妻子分娩時陪在其身邊的感受;第三段則從女子自身的角度提到分娩時有丈夫在身邊會感到踏實、放心。通過對三段主題句的綜合概括，全文共同討論的是：女子分娩時要不要未來的父親候在產房，因此答案為C。

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