Lesson2★

　　●例子：例子必出題。文章有論點-論據-論證，例子是論證，用來支持論點，所以簡而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后論點極其重要。

　　例子開始的標志：for example，后面跟著大寫、時間、年代，依然是舉例內容。

　　例子含義的標志：show, tell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearly

　　[Page72]

　　In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(貓頭鷹), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.

　　注：1. controversial的意思是受爭議的，同“sharply political issue”，contro表示“反”

　　2. for example前句子是重點

　　3. problematic懸而未決的

　　Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使窮困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.

　　注：1. tension張力，沖突

　　2. 看到similar就說明第二段說的和第一段一樣。

　　3. But轉折是重點

　　Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone layer (臭氧層), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web life.

　　36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial

　　issue?

　　A) Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.

　　B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.

　　C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.

　　D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.

　　注：細節題。第一段economic interests

　　●表示絕對的詞--出現在文章中，是非常重要的出題點;如果出現在選項中，很可能是不對的。

　　全無：non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither...nor

　　全有：all-every-full-either…

　　唯一：only-exactly- best-most

　　37.According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests ________.

　　A) may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.

　　B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.

　　C) should take priority over the control of human population.

　　D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.

　　注：細節題，對應文章第二段。舉例前那句話更重要，只要表達出“和經濟利益沖突”就對了。

　　38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _______.

　　A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.

　　B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem.

　　C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of food.

　　D) proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations.

　　注：對應文章第二段。Short-term對應temporarily，relief對應avoid。