Exercise also slow mineral loss from bones, and improves one's mental outlook. A study of 17,000 Harvard alumni (男校友) from 1962 to 1978 provided the first substantial evidence that physical activity maintained through adulthood leads to longer life.

　　The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1200 to 1800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the older sedentary population to chronic constipation(長期便秘).

　　Increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients. So robust eating is no sin. It is the way we were designed to function, the complement to an active life-style.

　　There are some interesting social consequences of a move toward more exercise, with robust eating. Most people like eating and can learn (as most runners have) that uninhibited social eating is more enjoyable than a sedentary life accompanied by cautious nibbling.

　　To sum up: Most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity (肥胖) is found. Severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight. It is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. Eventually, the overweight person becomes transformed into a slim person—more active, fitter, with a reduced risk of chronic disease and earlier death, and often able to eat substantially more than when fat.

　　The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery-or the active, robust-eating, healthful way.

　　1. According to several studies, overweight people, many of whom think they eat too • 198 •

　　much, generally eat less than thinner people.

　　2. If you want to keep your weight stable, you should get a balance between food intake and BMR.

　　3. The sensible path to slimness and good health is an enjoyable combination of regular exercise and robust eating.

　　4. Mere dieting will never have a good effect because there is no increase of calorie expenditure.

　　5. A person who regularly jogs eats a lot, burns many calories, and loses much weight.

　　6. It should be accepted that eating more will not make people overweight but will provide them with more nutrients.

　　7. Weight loss by exercise should proceed slowly and gradually with a short rest at regular intervals.

　　8. BMR stands for______.

　　9. Exercise helps to raise blood levels of high-density lipoprotein, which may______.

　　10. In America, about a third of the adult population has a______.

　　I. Y 2. N 3. Y 4. Y 5. N 6. N 7. NG

　　8. basal metabolic rate 9. prevent coronary heart disease 10. weight problem

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