點擊查看：2017年12月大學英語六級考試閱讀理解100篇

　　Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is important to Ihe parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their successby sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than theirB-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the firstmarathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice,we conquer!"

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirabl that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

　　If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions.especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistaketo choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.

　　1.Apart from the effect of the environment, personality is largely____________________.

　　2.A-type individuals are usually competitive, but__________________can lead to serious consequences.

　　3.The author doubts about the virtue of__________________________at schools because some students are bound to fail.

　　4.For schools, the top management is to fit a child's personality to______________________.

　　5.The selection of medical professionals is currently based on________________________.

　　答案：

　　1.[inherent]

　　[定位]根據題干中的the effect of the environment，personality，largely查找到首段。

　　解析：題干是對原文首段的近義改寫，the effect of the environment對應原文中的第2句話，largely為原文第1句中a large extent的同義表達，所以空白處應填A inherent。

　　2.[being too keen to win]

　　[定位]根據題干中的A-type，competitive，cause，dangerous consequences查找到第2段最后兩句。

　　解析：空白處缺少主語，原文倒數第2句中的competitive A-types對應題干的前半句，題干lead to serious consequences是最后一句中can have dangerous consequences的同義替換，所以being too keen to win為答案。

　　3.[competition by examination]

　　[定位]根據題干中的doubts about,the virtue和fail查找到第3段末句。

　　解析：本句說的是，作者質疑考試這種競爭方式，因為對一些孩子而言。明知是短處、肯定會失敗而做無謂的競爭，這種競爭是無益的。doubts about和the virtue對應原文中的questionable和the merits，而題目中because從句是對原文in the certain knowledge of failure的近義改寫，所以competition by examination為答案。

　　4.[his possible future employment]

　　[定位]根據題干中的top management，a child's personality查找到第4段第2、3句。

　　解析：該段末句中It指代上句的內容，即努力讓孩子的性格適合他們將來可能從事的職業，原文personality to后的內容為本題答案。

　　5.[good grades in chemistry/academic achievements]

　　[定位]根據題干中的selection，professionals查找到末段前兩句。

　　解析：原文說希望今后選拔醫務人員時應更關注候選人的情感，比如是否敏感，是否有同情心，而不是一味地看成績(good grades in chemistry)。由此可得知，現在的選拔制度注重的是成績。本題答案也可歸納為academic achievements。

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