非謂語動詞

　　1.感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等

　　+ do表示動作的完整性，真實性;

　　+doing 表示動作的連續性，進行性

　　2. 獨立主格結構的特點：

　　1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。

　　2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。

　　3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。

　　舉例：

　　The test finished, we began our holiday.

　　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

　　考試結束了，我們開始放假。

　　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

　　如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

　　This done, we went home.

　　工作完成后，我們才回家。

　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

　　他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館

　　該結構否定式：在非謂語動詞前加直接Not

　　2009年專升本考試原題

　　20. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.

　　A. Having not been B. Being not

　　C. Not having D. Having not