直接引語和間接引語

　　John said , “ I ‘m going to London with my father .”

　　John said that he was going to London with his father .

　　一般疑問句變成以if (whether ) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

　　He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?”

　　He asked the class if they had all understood that passage 。

　　祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式， 作ask , tell 等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。表示命令時(shí)常用 tell , order 等;表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)常用ask , beg 等動(dòng)詞，原句中的don’t 應(yīng)變?yōu)?not 。

　　The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”

　　The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .

　　如主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語的原來時(shí)態(tài)

　　He says , “ I am very busy reading the book .”

　　He says that he is very busy reading the book .

　　如主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)發(fā)生如下變化：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)———一般過去時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)———過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　一般將來時(shí)———過去將來時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)———過去完成時(shí)

　　一般過去時(shí)———過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)不變

　　直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí)，代詞一般相應(yīng)變化如下：

　　this -- that last week – the week before

　　therse – those three days ago – three days before

　　now – then tomorrow – the next day

　　today – that day next week – the (next ) following week

　　this week – that week here -- there

　　yesterday – the day before come – go

　　介詞

　　at 表示確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或較短暫的一段時(shí)間 at two o’clock

　　in 表示一天中的各部分時(shí)間或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 in the morning , in spring , in 1967

　　on表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon

　　durning 表示一段時(shí)間 ，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù) durning the Summer vacation