lesson 17 動詞不定式(二)

　　第二節 動詞不定式的用法

　　一、 不定式結構作主語

　　1. 不定式前置

　　1) Derive [A] mineral resources from [B] sedimentary rock [C] is a [D] major modern industrial activity.

　　2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.

　　[A] To make high scores[B] To make low goal[C] To the high scores[D] Make the low goals

　　2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規范英語，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞“it”作形式主語(形式主語“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面

　　It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.

　　3) John admitted that it's always difficult .

　　[A] for him being on time[B] being on time for him

　　[C] for him to be on time[D] on time for him

　　4) It is difficult for me [A] to be concentrating [B] while someone [C] is using [D] a vacuum cleaner.

　　3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動詞是系動詞，也適用于其他動詞

　　It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.

　　It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.

　　4. 不定式結構所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通過帶“for +名詞短語”辨出

　　It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(總復習)。

　　It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.

　　5. 在某些形容詞(如careless，clever，considerate， foolish， good， impolite， kind， naughty， nice， silly， stupid等)作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語

　　It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.

　　間或也可用for + there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。

　　It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.

　　二、 不定式作賓語

　　不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式;另一種是“動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式”

　　1. 動詞+帶to的不定式結構

　　只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford， agree， aim， appear， arrange， ask， believe， care， claim， decide， decline(拒絕)， demand， desire， determine， endeavor， expect， fail， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， mean(想要)， offer(表示愿意做…)， pretend， promise， refuse， seek(試圖)， swear， undertake， wish(想要)等。

　　5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(銀行保管庫) of this nation.

　　[A] to believe [B] to be belived[C] beliving

　　[D] have belived6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.

　　[A] in the navigating [B] the navigation [C] to navigate [D] navigation

　　7) For the [A] first time Venusian scientists managed landing [B] a satellite on the planet Earth， and it has been sending [C] back signals as well as [D] photographs ever since.

　　8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction， regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.

　　[A] afforded[B] affording[C] to afford

　　[D] can afford從上例我們可以看出afford一般與can和can't或could和couldn't連用。

　　2. 動詞+疑問代(副)詞+不定式

　　這類動詞常見的有：advise，decide， discuss， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， regard， remember， see， settle， teach， tell， think(=consider)， understand， wonder等。這些疑問代(副)詞有what， when， where， which， how， whether等，但不包括why，如：

　　He does not know how to go there

　　when to speak before strangers.

　　who(m) to visit.

　　which one to choose.

　　You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.

　　when to see a doctor.

　　I will show you what to do.

　　where to go.

　　how to deal with it.

　　其中，1)和2)中不定式的邏輯主語仍是句子的主語，分別為He和You;而3)中不定式的邏輯主語則不是句子的主語I，而是賓語you.

　　9) The director of this organization must know .

　　[A] to manage money， sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders

　　[B] managing money， selling， and be able to satisfy the stockholders

　　[C] how to manage money， sell his product， and satisfy the stockholders

　　[D] money management， selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders

　　10) To tell you the truth， I really don't know how deal with a man like him.

　　[A] can I[B] well[C] to[D] much

　　3. 有時，不定式跟作主語時一樣，可由it來代替，而把不定式放到后面去

　　He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.

　　I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.

　　We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.

　　She cosiders it important to make friends with them.

　　I don't think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.

　　4. 有時THERE和TO BE連用表示“有”或“存在(某情況)”等

　　It is impossible for there to be any more.

　　Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?

　　I expect there to be no argument about this?

　　有時在個別的介詞后可用“疑問詞+不定式結構”作其賓語

　　He has his own decision of how to do it.

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