III. Reading Comprehension

　　Passage 1

　　Many countries face a somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavorable trade balance with other nations. Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports. For example, if a country buys $25 billion of products from other countries, yet sells only $10 billion of its own products overseas, its trade deficit(貿易逆差)is $15 billion. Many underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position because they lack natural resources or the industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import raw materials or manufactured goods.

　　One effect of a trade deficit is the flow of currency out of a country. In the case of an underdeveloped nation, this can cause many financial difficulties, including failure to meet debt payments and obstacles to creation of an industrial base. Even in the case of a fully developed nation such as the United States, a large trade deficit is a reason for alarm. American products, made by well-paid workers in U.S. industries, cost more to produce than those made in places like Asia, where labor and material costs are much lower. Money spent on foreign products is money not spent on items produced by domestic industries.

　　46. What does the passage mainly discuss? B

　　A. Some worldwide economic problems.

　　B. The cause and consequences of trade deficit.

　　C. Lack of resources in underdeveloped countries.

　　D. High labor and material costs in developed countries

　　47. According to the passage, a trade imbalance occurs when ________. B

　　A. a country is facing serious financial problems

　　B. a country buys more from other countries than it sells overseas

　　C. the value of a country’s exports is greater than that of its imports

　　D. products imported are more expensive than those exported

　　48. Many underdeveloped countries have trade deficits because ________. D

　　A. they failed to meet debt payments

　　B. they export most of their natural resources to other countries

　　C. they borrow too much money from other countries

　　D. they have to import most of their manufactured products

　　49. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of a trade imbalance? A

　　A. The flow of currency out of the country.

　　B. Low labor and material costs in Asian countries.

　　C. Lack of natural resources.

　　D. An undeveloped industrial base.

　　50. It can be inferred from this passage that American industries ________. B

　　A. do not pay their workers sufficiently

　　B. are hurt by a trade imbalance

　　C. imported labor and material from abroad

　　D. are able to prevent a trade deficit

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