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　　Translation

　　Shakespeare's lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious dramas, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everyone else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

　　When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage-where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

　　The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history ,for in this brief period we may trace the beginning、growth、blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers, We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.(50)To realize how great was the dromatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

　　46.【題干】By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious dramas, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

　　【答案】在莎士比亞出生之前，歐洲正見證者宗教戲劇的傳承，以及受到經典的悲劇和喜劇刺激而誕生的新形式。

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　　47.【題干】no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

　　【答案】那些去學習語法的人都知道喜劇是文學的一種形式，這種形式給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也可能會給英國帶來榮譽。

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　　48.【題干】But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

　　【答案】但是專業劇團在他們永久性的劇院中繁榮，而且有文學抱負的大學生迅速轉向把這些劇院視為一種營生手段。

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　　49.【題干】A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

　　【答案】一種當地的文學戲劇藝術已經創造出來，隨之其與公眾劇院的聯盟也得以確立，最終它的一些偉大傳統也得以開始傳承。

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　　50.【題干】To realize how great was the dromatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

　　【答案】為了意識到戲劇活動多么偉大，我們還必須記住許多戲劇已經喪失了，而且可能也沒有戲劇坐著的完整作品保留下來。

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