Text 4

　　To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy， Cal Newport， author of Deep Work： Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World， recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction。

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day。 Whichever approach， the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it。

　　Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time。 “At any given point， I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth。 Once on the calendar， I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”， he writes。

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists。 Tim Harford， author of Messy： The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives， points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups： some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail， day by day。

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks， they were wrong： the detailed daily plans demotivated students 。Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective， while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results。

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy， we also need to embrace downtime， or as Newport suggests， “be lazy”。

　　“Idleness is not just a vacation， an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is， paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done，” he argues。

　　Srini Pillay， an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School， believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate。 When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task， they tend to be more efficient。

　　“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay。

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 。

　　[A] keep to your focus time

　　[B] list your immediate tasks

　　[C] make specific daily plans

　　[D] seize every minute to work

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that 。

　　[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency。

　　[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying

　　[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　38. According to Newport， idleness is 。

　　[A] a desirable mental state for busy people。

　　[B] a major contributor to physical health

　　[C] an effective way to save time and energy

　　[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused 。

　　[A] can result in psychological well-being

　　[B] can bring about greater efficiency

　　[C] is aimed at better balance in work

　　[D] is driven by task urgency

　　40. This text is mainly about 。

　　[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

　　[C] the key to eliminating distractions

　　[D] the cause of the lack of focus time

　　36、[答案][A] keep to your focus time

　　[解析]這是一道細節題。注意題干的一一對應，選項進行等價替換。根據題干定位到第二段最后一句。The key is to(題干對應) determine your length of focus time and stick to it(剩余信息為答案)。 對應選項 keep to(stick to)your focus time(your length of focus time)

　　37、[答案][D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected [解析]根據題干為細節題，考察的是實驗結論。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that， 根據1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那么結論應該在后面，也就是第五段。第五段開頭第一句while為讓步，看主句部分they were wrong，冒號后面解釋說，the detailed daily plans demotivated students。對應D選項，其中的may not be as fruitful對應demotivated。

　　38、[答案][D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　[解析]這是一道細節題。根據提干中的關鍵詞，Newport和idleness，回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness，再結合第7段段末代詞he， 考查到代詞的指代問題，根據上下文確定此處的he指代Newport，確定第7段引號之內即為作者對于“idleness”的觀點，由第7段后半句 idleness is ，paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done得出正確答案為 an essential factor in accomplishing any work，其中essential 是對原文necessary的同義替換，accomplishing any work是getting any work done的同義替換。

　　39、[答案][B] can bring about greater efficiency

　　[解析]這是一道人物觀點題，根據提干中的關鍵詞，Pillay 回文定位到第8段，再進一步匹配題干中的剩余信息，our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused定位至第8段段末處，our brains switch between being focused and unfocused，其中shift是switch的同義替換，由后半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正確答案為 can bring about greater effcieny， 是對原文tend to be more efficient的同義替換。

　　40、[答案][B] approaches to getting more done in less time

　　[解析]根據題干的特征，這是一道主旨題。文章開篇提出主題，關于“the ability to focus without distraction”， 第二段開頭說“a number of approaches”， 提出方法，第四段開頭another approach，所以這篇文章重點還是在說方法，所以B選項approaches to getting more done in less time為正確答案。more done in less time對應focus without distraction。

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