2021年考研真題及答案專題※ 真題答案下載 ※ 萬題庫估分

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　World war was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.

　　The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth:(48)in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.

　　Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake/ For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years,(49)and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s,

　　European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.

　　46.【題干】Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.

　　47.【題干】And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.

　　48.【題干】in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s.

　　49.【題干】and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.

　　50.【題干】High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.

掃描/長按二維碼關注獲取考研答案

獲取2021考研真題答案

獲取2021考研成績查詢

獲取2套仿真內部資料

獲取考研歷年真題答案

萬題庫下載丨微信搜索"萬題庫考研"

　　相關推薦：

　　2021年考研真題pdf下載 ※ 2021年考研答案pdf下載

　　2021考研答案 ※ 2021考研真題 ※ 考研萬題庫估分 ※ 關注微信對答案

　　2021考研政治答案 ※ 2021考研英語答案 ※ 2021考研數學答案

　　2021年考研成績查詢時間 ※ 考研復試分數線 ※ 考研調劑