Part B

　　41. C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

　　42. D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.

　　43. A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

　　44. F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

　　45. G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

　　翻譯

　　46. 在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，有一種方法將這種“萬物歸一的沖動”推向了極致，它試圖探尋到能解釋一切的，最底層的公式。

　　47. 在這一點(diǎn)上，達(dá)爾文學(xué)說似乎給人們提供了準(zhǔn)則， 如果所有人種同宗同源，那么 “文化多樣性也能追溯到更為單一的源頭”的假定也就不無道理了。

　　48. 將偶發(fā)的和獨(dú)特的從這些共性中篩除掉能夠讓我們了解文化行為的復(fù)雜起源以及是什么在發(fā)展中或認(rèn)知過程中指導(dǎo)我們。

　　49. 第二，喬舒亞·格林貝格采用了一個更加經(jīng)驗主義的方法來解釋普遍性;他認(rèn)為許多語言都共有特性，(尤其是在語序上);這些特性被認(rèn)為代表了由認(rèn)知限制所帶來的偏見;

　　50. 喬姆斯基的語法應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)了語言改變的模式，該模式是獨(dú)立于家譜也獨(dú)立于貫穿家譜的路徑，而格林伯根的統(tǒng)一性理論則預(yù)言了不同種語序關(guān)系之間的強(qiáng)烈的相互依存性。

　　寫作

　　小作文

Dear friends,

　　On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the international students that are coming to our university. I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.

　　Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university. As you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly. Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly and avoid being indulged in computer games, etc. Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can. Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.

　　We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

　　大作文

　　As is shown in the picture above, two men react in completely opposite ways when faced with the same event: A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out. One is smiling, feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine while the other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up!”

　　The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different attitudes towards life. Faced with a challenge, a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed. He considers himself powerless, and complains about it all day long, refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end. An optimistic person, however, may adopt an entirely different approach. He may not regard the challenge as something that bad; instead, he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent. As an old saying goes, “The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it.”

　　In my point of view, though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind or another in our life, we should be optimistic whenever we are confronted with challenges. If we are pessimistic, we are destined to fail, ending up accomplishing nothing. But if we approach the challenges in an optimistic way, we may go from victory to victory.

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