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　　2010年教育部考試中心考研英語模擬題分類匯編

　　2010年教育部考試中心考研英語模擬試題

----閱讀理解部分匯編

　　二、美私有化方案

　　The National Association of Securities Dealers is investigating whether some brokerage houses are inappropriately pushing individuals to borrow large sums on their houses to invest in the stock market. Can we persuade the association to investigate would-be privatizers of Social Security? For it is now apparent that the Bush administration’s privatization proposal will amount to the same thing: borrow trillions, put the money in the stock market and hope.

　　Privatization would begin by diverting payroll taxes, which pay for current Social Security benefits, into personal investment accounts. The government would have to borrow to make up the shortfall. This would sharply increase the government’s debt. “Never mind”, privatization advocates say, “in the long run, people would make so much on personal accounts that the government could save money by cutting retirees’ benefits.”

　　Even so, if personal investment accounts were invested in Treasury bonds, this whole process would accomplish precisely nothing. The interest workers would receive on their accounts would exactly match the interest the government would have to pay on its additional debt. To compensate for the initial borrowing, the government would have to cut future benefits so much that workers would gain nothing at all. However, privatizersclaim that these investments would make a lot of money and that, in effect, the government, not the workers, would reap most of those gains, because as personal accounts grew, the government could cut benefits.

　　We can argue at length about whether the high stock returns such schemes assume are realistic (they aren’t), but let’s cut to the chase: in essence, such schemes involve having the government borrow heavily and put the money in the stock market. That’s because the government would, in effect, confiscate workers’gains in their personal accounts by cutting those workers’ benefits.

　　Once you realize whatprivatization really means, it doesn’t sound too responsible, does it? But the details make it considerably worse. First, financial markets would, correctly, treat the reality of huge deficits today as a much more important indicator of the government’s fiscal health than the mere promise that government could save money by cutting benefits in the distant future. After all, a government bond is a legally binding promise to pay, while a benefits formula that supposedly cuts costs 40 years from now is nothing more than a suggestion to future Congresses. If a privatization plan passed in 2005 called for steep benefit cuts in 2045, what are the odds that those cuts would really happen? Second, a system of personal accounts would pay huge brokerage fees. Of course, from Wall Street’s point of view that’s a benefit, not a cost.

　　1.According to the author, “privatizers”are those_____.

　　[A] borrowing from banks to invest in the stock market [B] who invest in Treasury bonds

　　[C] advocating the government to borrow money from citizens [D] who earn large sums of money in personal accounts

　　2.In the first paragraph, individual borrowing is cited because_____.

　　[A] it shares similarities with the government’s Social Security policies

　　[B] there is no guarantee that it will be profitable in the stock market

　　[C] it is not proper for the brokerage houses to persuade people to borrow money

　　[D] it is an indication of the Bush administration’s serious concern over the stock market

　　3.According to its advocates, who will gain from the privatization of Social Security?

　　[A] Investors in stock markets. [B] Retired workers in the future. [C] The future Congresses. [D] Account information brokers.

　　4.It can be inferred from the passage that Social Security privatization will_____.

　　[A] provide high returns for the new governments [B] be strongly opposed by Wall Street

　　[C] bring the future retirees more benefits [D] allow individuals to invest in personal accounts

　　5.The author’s attitude towards the privatization proposal is_____.

　　[A] impartial [B] suspicious [C] neutral [D] approval

　　答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B

　　核心詞匯和超綱詞匯

　　(1)brokerage(n.)經(jīng)紀(jì)人之業(yè)務(wù)，回扣

　　(2)would-be(a.)想要成為的，自稱自許的，自充的，例He founded a school for would-be actors(他創(chuàng)辦學(xué)校，訓(xùn)練有意做演員的人)。

　　(3)shortfall(n.)不足量

　　(4)cut to the chase 抄捷徑去追獵物(不繞圈子，開門見山，單刀直入)

　　(5)confiscate(v.)沒收，充公;征用

　　(6)deficit(n.)赤字，不足額

　　全文翻譯

　　全國(guó)證券交易商協(xié)會(huì)正在調(diào)查一些證券行是否不適當(dāng)?shù)卮偈箓�(gè)人以房屋為抵押大舉借款投資股票市場(chǎng)。我們能否說服該協(xié)會(huì)來調(diào)查提倡社會(huì)保障私有化的人呢?因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在很明顯，布什政府的私有化措施將產(chǎn)生同樣的結(jié)果：借上萬億的債，投資股市并期望從中獲利。

　　將現(xiàn)在用于支付社會(huì)福利金的工資稅轉(zhuǎn)移到個(gè)人投資帳戶上，私有化就開始了。政府必須借錢來彌補(bǔ)這種不足。這將急劇增加政府的負(fù)債。私有化的提倡者說：沒關(guān)系，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，人們?cè)趥�(gè)人帳戶上會(huì)賺很多錢，以至于政府可以通過削減離退休人員的福利而節(jié)省開支。

　　即使如此，如果個(gè)人投資帳戶被用于投資國(guó)庫(kù)債券，那么這個(gè)過程將一無所獲。工人們從他們的帳戶上得到的利息將恰好等于政府不得不為它的額外債務(wù)而支付的利息。為了彌補(bǔ)這種初始借入，政府將不得不大幅度減少未來福利以至于工人將一無所獲。然而私有化的提倡者聲稱，這些投資將賺很多錢，而且實(shí)際上是政府而非工人將從中獲益最大，因?yàn)楫?dāng)個(gè)人帳戶增長(zhǎng)時(shí)，政府將減少福利開支。

　　我們能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地爭(zhēng)論這些方案所認(rèn)為的高額的股票報(bào)酬是否現(xiàn)實(shí)(它們并不現(xiàn)實(shí))，但是開門見山地說吧：其實(shí)，這些方案需要讓政府大舉借債并將錢投入股票市場(chǎng)。因?yàn)閷?shí)際上政府會(huì)通過減少工人的福利而將他們個(gè)人帳戶中的收益充公。

　　一旦你意識(shí)到私有化的真正含義時(shí)，它聽起來不是很負(fù)責(zé)，對(duì)嗎?但是細(xì)節(jié)使它更糟。首先，金融市場(chǎng)將恰當(dāng)?shù)匕讶缃竦拇罅砍嘧挚醋魇钦�府�?cái)政健康狀況的重要標(biāo)志，而不是政府做出的能夠在遙遠(yuǎn)的未來通過減少福利節(jié)省開支的輕率承諾。畢竟，政府債券是具有法律效力的償還承諾，而一個(gè)猜想從現(xiàn)在起四十年后會(huì)削減開支的利潤(rùn)公式只不過是對(duì)未來眾國(guó)會(huì)的一個(gè)建議。如果在2005年通過的一個(gè)私有化計(jì)劃要求在2045年大幅度削減收益，那么這種情況真正發(fā)生的幾率是多少呢?其次，個(gè)人帳戶系統(tǒng)將償付巨額的經(jīng)紀(jì)費(fèi)用。當(dāng)然，在華爾街來看，那是收益，不是費(fèi)用。