8.       desecrate          褻瀆，玷污

　　9.       code                法規(guī)，規(guī)定，慣例

　　10.   stringent           嚴格的，緊急的，迫切的

　　11.   performance        演出，成品，這里是指car’s behavior such as speed, function etc。可譯成行為，汽車行為、功能等。

　　難句譯注

　　1.  Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing。

　　【參考譯文】人和汽車對抗！這是一場人類永遠是輸家的無休止的戰(zhàn)斗。

　　2. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned。

　　【參考譯文】應當禁止所有強調(diào)力量和表現(xiàn)行為的廣告。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　文章論述“交通事故”，采用因果、對比手法。從人的平均壽命增加和交通事故率成正比談起，觸及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更嚴格的法規(guī)予以制止種種造成事故的不良行為。

　　答案詳解

　　1.D 只有更嚴格的交通法規(guī)才能制止交通事故。這在最后一段的結(jié)論中體現(xiàn)的最清楚。前面幾段只是講造成事故的種種原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法規(guī)以減少無謂的生命浪費的時候了。對于開車，有些國家的法規(guī)太松弛，甚至最嚴格的國家也不夠嚴格。世界公認之法律只可能對交通事故率起大大降低的作用(有非常好的效果。)”這里列出幾件要干的事：“駕駛測試應當標準化，比現(xiàn)在的要嚴格；所有死機每三年考核一次；年輕人駕車的允許年齡應提高到21歲；全部機動車每年都應經(jīng)過嚴格的安全測試(測定其安全性)……這些步驟可能聽起來異常嚴厲，可是，如果其結(jié)果事減少每年死傷人數(shù)的話，就不存在什么太嚴格的事了。”

　　A. 主要是機動車死機造成的交通事故。 B. 全世界每年有幾千人喪生。 C. 有些國家的交通法規(guī)太松弛。這三道答案都是文中談到某一點，不能作為中心目的。

　　2. D 社會寬容這種野蠻開車行徑。答案就在第三段：“令人驚訝的是社會對司機寬厚地笑笑，似乎寬容他們的行為。一切都為他們的方便而干。人們允許城市由于交通擁擠而幾乎不能居住了，大型停車場把城鎮(zhèn)“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路網(wǎng)玷污了鄉(xiāng)村，每年大量的殺傷僅僅成為統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，被很容易地忘記。”

　　A. 社會對司機笑容可掬。B. 大型停車場建在市和鎮(zhèn)上。C. 交通死難者等于零。這三項都只是第三段的一個個具體事實。社會正是通過這一件件事來寬容司機野蠻開車，而造成事故。

　　3.A “他的車就是他個性的外延”這句話就體現(xiàn)了“開車表現(xiàn)他真正的自我，真實的個性”。第二段講的很清楚：“這么說完全正確：當一個人坐在方向盤后，他的車就成為他個性的外延。毫無疑問，汽車常常表現(xiàn)了人之最壞的品質(zhì)。平常很安詳愉快的人一坐在方向盤后可能就變得難以認識。他們咒罵、行為差勁、好斗、固執(zhí)、任性得就像兩歲的孩子。他們所有隱藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在開車中暴露出來”。

　　B. 表現(xiàn)他個性的另一面。 C. 表現(xiàn)了他的性格。 D. 他的車體現(xiàn)了他的脾氣秉性。只是表現(xiàn)自我中的某個事實。

　　4.  A 只有建更多高速公路。沒有提。

　　B. 更難的測試。C. 每三年對司機進行一次考察。 D. 提高年齡段和制定安全條例。都提到。見第一題譯注。

　　5. B 批評的態(tài)度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各國制定嚴格的交通法規(guī)，批評現(xiàn)有的交通法規(guī)松弛不嚴格，最后指出世界是人類的，不是摩托車的等等，都說明作者對上述種種都具批評的態(tài)度。

　　A. 諷刺的。 C. 哀求的、呼吁的。 D. 富有戰(zhàn)斗性的。

　　Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)

　　Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people。

　　Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth。

　　1.  With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

　　[A] Types of mass transportation。