在“考研閱讀的最高境界——（一）五層遞進學習法”等文章中我說明了應該如何把握閱讀文章與試題：

1． 把握中心思想層

2． 概括段落大意層

3． 深入剖析文章層

4． 摘錄背誦佳句層

5． 換位思考命題層

       現在以歷年真題為例說明如何實施上述的五層遞進學習法。在每篇文章的后面，“文章結構與內容”對應上述學習法的1與2，“核心詞匯”、“難句分析”與“參考譯文”對應上述學習法的3，“佳句摘錄”對應上述學習法的4，而“試題詳解”對應上述學習法的5。關于“五層遞進學習法”的具體內容，請閱讀本人博客中的同名文章。 

Passage 2

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon—it’s already here.

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 

5. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to.

［A］ withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

［B］ obtain more convenient services than other people do

［C］ enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

［D］ cash money wherever he wishes to

6. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .

［A］ in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

［B］ credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

［C］ nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

［D］ it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

7. The phrase “ring up sales”(Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means “”.

［A］ make an order of goods

［B］ record sales on a cash register

［C］ call the sales manager

［D］ keep track of the goods in stock

8. What is this passage mainly about?

［A］ Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

［B］ Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

［C］ Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

［D］ Advantages of credit cards in business. 

文章結構與內容

文章結構：層層遞進型。這種文章各段分別闡述文中核心問題的一個方面，而且各段段首常伴有表示并列或遞進的詞，文章的中心由綜合各段段首得到。本文論述計算機技術在經濟領域的廣泛應用，三個段落各討論一個方面。首段貌似談論信用卡本身的服務，但由二段首句可以看出首段也在談論計算機帶來的便利（conveniences），因為信用卡的使用也是借助于計算機。另外，注意二段與三段段首在結構上的作用。

 核心詞匯

1. issue 發行，頒布； n. 問題，發行（物），（報刊）期號

2. credit 信用；功勞；學分（同根詞incredible難以置信的---cred相信）

3. automatic 自動的，無意識的（同根詞automobile汽車---auto自動）

4. available 可以利用的；可得到的

5. withdraw 提取；撤銷

6. deposit 存入，付（保證金）；n. 存款，保證金

7. scattered 分散的（動詞scatter）

8. cashless 無現金的（反義詞cash 現金）

9. on the horizon 即將來臨的（horizon 地平線；眼界）

10. convenience 便利，方便；便利設施（形容詞convenient）

11. cash register 現金出納機，現金進出記錄機（register 登記，注冊）

12. ring up 把…記入現金進出記錄機；打電話

13. keep track of 記錄，跟上…的進展（track 軌跡，跑道）

14. reorder 再定貨（order訂購）

15. assignment分配，委派；任務，作業

16. accordingly 相應地，因此

17. identify確定，識別 （名詞identity身份）

18. preferred customers 有優先權的顧客

19. promotional 推銷的，促進的（動詞promote 促進，提升；促銷）

20. in stock 有現貨的，有庫存的（stock 庫存，現貨；股票）

21. on hand 現有，在手頭

22. utility公用事業公司，公用事業設備，公用事業；效用（動詞utilize利用）

*             *               *

23. automation 自動化（同根詞automatic） 

研究生入學考試歷年真題匯總表

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