1. with  + 名詞 + 現在分詞或過去分詞所構成的獨立主格：

　　1) With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support their parents.  (21 words)
　　譯文：隨著（由于）物價和房租迅速上漲，許多年輕大學畢業生無法掙錢養活自己，更不用說贍養父母了。

　　2. not so much … as … (=less … more …) 的譯法：

　　2）In order to detect the misprints in a single print, the proofreader has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text.  (37 words)
　　譯文：為了發現稿件中的印刷錯誤，校對員必須與其說注意所讀材料的含義，倒不如說注意文章中字母和單詞的確切形狀和順序。

　　3. more … than 的譯法：逆序法。

　　3) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term intelligence than there is on how to interpret or classify them.  (26 words) 
　　譯文：人們對智力所指的不同種類的行為表現比對這些表現如何進行解釋或分類，看法更為一致。

　　4) Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. (2003試題)
　　譯文：與有另一條鐵路競爭這筆生意時相比，鐵路公司對這樣一些“被套住的”貨主特意多收20-30%的運費。(2003試題)

　　5) They teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. (2006試題)
　　譯文：他們可以把書教得很好，而且不僅僅是為了掙薪水，但他們大多數人卻很少或沒有對需要進行道德判斷的、人的問題進行獨立思考。

　　4. as … as … , as much … as …, as many … as … , as well as …, as 從句，not … , as … 的靈活譯法：

　　6) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.  (36 words)
　　譯文：雖然歷史學的定義與歷史學家幾乎一樣多（=雖然幾乎每個歷史學家都有自己對歷史學的定義），但是現代史學家的實踐最接近于符合這樣一個定義（=最趨于認為），歷史學是試圖重現和解釋過去的重大事件（=史實）。

　　7) But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
　　譯文：但是肯定與去年五月“美國新聞和世界報導”中一篇文章似乎表明的不一樣，那并不是說，關注工業無節制發展的環境專家是反科學的。

　　5. what從句的譯法 － what詞義的引申譯法：

　　8) What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.  (24 words)
　　譯文：他認為，他所論證的       是，缺乏對事件的駕馭能力而不是經驗本身是削弱免疫系統的原因。

　　6. 定語從句的前置合譯法：

　　9）On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (58 words)
　　譯文：總的來說，得出這種結論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態度和與他比較的另一些孩子的態度相同；他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。

　　7. 定語從句的前置合譯法與后置分譯法：

　　8. 定語從句的溶合譯法：

　　10）This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.                  
　　譯文：這種假設是依據這樣一種謬論：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而實際上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒有人愿意掙只相當于最低生活維持費的錢，也沒有人愿意飽食終日、無所事事。

　　9. 形容詞短語前置，用法相當于分詞短語，表示各種隱含的狀語意義：

　　10. 形容詞短語后置，作定語，用法相當于分詞短語，可合譯，也可分譯：(本句采用逆序法翻譯)

　　11）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. (29 words) 譯法：上面整句采用逆序法翻譯。
　　譯文：方法論究竟是指一般歷史研究中特有的概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。

　　11. not + 謂語動詞 … + because … 的否定轉移譯法：

　　12）Individual manufacturers do not necessarily rely on their relatives because they cannot obtain financial support from commercial banks. They may actually avoid them because they assume that the banks either cannot understand their special needs or charge unreasonably high interest rates.  (41 words)
　　譯文：個體企業家并不是因為無法從商業銀行借到金融貸款而必須依靠他們的親屬。他們可能實際上躲開銀行，因為他們覺得這些銀行要么不能理解少數民族企業的特殊需要，要么收取的利率太高。

　　12. not that … , but that  …或強調形式：It is not that …, but that … 的漢譯：

　　13）Our boast is not that we have more ideas or brilliant ideas but that our ideas are better tested.
　　譯文：我們自我夸耀倒不是因為我們的主意多或我們的主意好，而是因為我們的主意都是經過更好檢驗的。

　　13. It was not until that … 與Not until … 的譯法：

　　14）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium. (=It was discussed before that not until the 19th century did the newspaper become the dominant pre-electronic medium.)
　　譯文：正如以前談過，直到19世紀報紙才成為電子時代以前的主導媒體。

　　14. as 引導的特殊狀語從句的譯法：當作定語從句來翻譯

　　15）Dr. Pyke contended that the scientific revolution, as we call it, is largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
　　譯文：派埃克博士堅持認為，我們稱為的科學革命主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用，這些改進、發明和使用使科學發展的范圍無所不及。

　　15. cannot…  too … 的譯法: 再…也不過分，越…越好，應該…

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