第五章、細節題命題思路透析

Part I、命題規律透析

　　細節題考查的是文章中的具體信息和關鍵細節，是每年考研題型中出現次數最多的題型，一般都有十幾道題。與主旨題考查考生對于文章的總體理解不同，細節題考查的是考生對于文章局部結構的掌握。細節題相對于其他題型比較簡單，同時做好這類題對于考生在閱讀理解部分取得基礎分和高分都有著至關重要的作用，因此考生應該爭取做對全部的細節題。細節題考查的內容包羅萬象，根據閱讀文章的具體情況而定。對于議論文來說，細節題的考查范圍一般為以下內容：事實、數據、新舊觀點、從正面或者反面來論證的例子、文章結論等。對于說明文來說，細節題一般都會涉及到某個具體的事件、現象或者人物，問題往往涉及到：時間、地點、人物、事件特征；起因、過程、結果、意義；目的、條件、步驟、方法； 數據、年代、世紀等。

　　細節題的提問方式非常多樣，一般都兩種形式，即不完整的陳述句和完整的問句形式。在陳述句中，常用的引出問題的詞語或者詞組包括from, because of, by, according to 等。在問句中，常用的疑問詞包括what, which, where, who, when, how （也就是我們平時經常說的新聞寫作的五個"W"+ 一個"H"）。下面我們還將有更加詳細的規律剖析。

　　如果進行進一步的細分，則細節題還可以分為以下4類：1、考查事實和同義轉化的細節題，這種題目一般會把原文中的信息在不改變原意的情況下通過另一種說法來表述，因此選項中有可能會出現一些新的考生不熟悉的信息。2、考查因果關系的細節題，這種題目中一般要求考生根據題干中的信息在原文中找到某一個現象存在或事件發生的原因和結果，及其之間的關系。3、考查例證關系的細節題，這種題目一般考查考生對于作者在文章中進行舉例的目的的理解，也就是說，要考生找出文章中某一個具體的實例所論證的觀點。4、考查方式和手段的細節題，這種題目要求考生從文章找出做某一件事情的方法和手段。

細節題常見表達方式

1、考查事實和同義轉化的細節題

According to paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to                 . (2007)

In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that                 . (2007)

According to the author, health-saving plans will                 . (2007)

Ericsson and his colleagues believe that                 . (2007)

According to Eriscsson, good memory                 . (2007)

In the author's opinion, advertising                 . (2006)

The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries'                . (2006)

Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that                 . (2006)

According to the author, the department stores of the 19^th century                 . (2006)

The negative feeling generated during the day tend to                 . (2005)

Researchers have come to believe that dreams                 . (2005)

According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as                 . (2005)

An argument made by supporters of smoking was that                 . (2005)

Dr. Brosonan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that monkeys                 . (2005)

The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are                 . (2004)

What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? (2004)

When mentioning "the $4 million to $10 million rage" (line 3, Para 3), the author is talking about                 . (2004)

Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? (2004)

In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care                 . (2003)

The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should                 . (2003)

Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is                 . (2003)

Straitford is most proud of its                 . (2003)

The emergence of the Net has                 . (2003)