1994年Passage 5

Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal-and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.

"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?" The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.

Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.

68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[D] The way they present their findings.

[答案] C

[解題思路]

本題可以定位于文章第二段的第二句話"The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach"（創新者與普通人的主要區別在于處理問題的方法不同），approach即對應于C選項的way （方式、方法），因此C為正確選項。其余三個選項均與原文不符，沒有對應信息。

[題目譯文]

根據文章作者，創新者和非創新者的區別在什么地方？
[A] 他們想法的類別
[B] 他們的智力水平
[C] 他們處理問題的方式
[D] 他們報告新發現的方式

69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things.
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch' s point of view
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented

[答案] B

[解題思路]

文章第三段Rudolph Flesch的話為"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done"（創造性思維也許只不過意味著能夠意識到按老辦法辦事沒什么特別可取之處），也就是說，要有所創新可以采用新的方法，因此只有B選項符合這個意思。A選項顯然不符合事實，原文只是提到他是一個"a language authority"，并不是什么"best-known expert in the study of human creativity"。C和D的說法都沒有在原文中找到佐證，也可以排除。

[題目譯文]

作者在文章第三段中引用魯道夫·弗萊契的話是因為             。
[A] 魯道夫·弗萊契是在人類創造力領域最著名的專家
[B] 引言支持了創新者尋找新的方式來做事情這個說法
[C] 讀者們對魯道夫·弗萊契的觀點很熟悉
[D] 引言給前面的信息增添了新的想法

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