2003年Text 2

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don's understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable, way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
[A] call on scientists to take some actions.
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research.
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

[答案] A

[解題思路]

本題的對應信息在文章第一段，Edmund Burke的原話為"all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing"（受錯誤思想引導的事業要想取得勝利，只需好人袖手旁觀）。文章進而在該段第三句話中提出主題，即"Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care"（科學家應該對動物權利鼓吹者做出有力的回應，因為他們的言論混淆了公眾的視聽，從而威脅到衛生知識和醫療服務的進步），也就是說，科學家們受到了人們的誤解，他們應該做出一些行動來反擊那些動物權利倡導者。D選型很顯然不是科學家們希望看到的，因而可以排除。C選項所言過于悲觀，文章并沒有指出生物醫學研究已面臨doom，而B選項有一定的迷惑性，但是文中并沒有認為科學家應該批判那些動物權利倡導者，只是指出了后者的無知。

[題目譯文]

作者用Edmund Burke的話作為文章的開頭是為了                      。
[A] 呼吁科學家們采取一些行動
[B] 批評動物權利這個受到錯誤思想引導的事業
[C] 警告生物醫學末日即將到來
[D] 證明動物權利運動取得了勝利

47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
[A] cruel but natural.
[B] inhuman and unacceptable.
[C] inevitable but vicious.
[D] pointless and wasteful.

[答案] B

[解題思路]

文中前三段都在談論動物權利倡導者反對使用動物進行醫學實驗，并多次用cruelty和 cruel這些詞匯。文章第三段最后一句話指出"To those... animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst"（對于他們來說，動物實驗說得好聽點是浪費，說得不好聽就是殘忍）。因此答案中只有B選型最能表達原文的含義，即以動物做研究既不人道也不可接受。A和C選項中的natural和inevitable與原文意思相左，因此可以排除。D選項具有一定干擾性，在某種程度上也是正確的，但是卻沒有表示出這些人強烈反對的態度，因而也不是正確選項。

[題目譯文]

受誤導的人們往往會認為在研究中使用動物是             。
[A] 殘忍而自然的
[B] 不人道且不可接受的
[C] 難免卻邪惡的
[D] 沒有意義且浪費的

48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's
[A] discontent with animal research.
[B] ignorance about medical science.
[C] indifference to epidemics.
[D] anxiety about animal rights.

[答案] B

[解題思路]

老奶奶的例子所對應的信息在文章第二段。老太太顯然對動物用于一些基礎性的研究、如疫苗的研究等情況一無所知。該段最后一句總結到"Such well-meaning people just don't understand"（這些善意的人只不過是不了解情況），這正呼應了第一段中說明的公眾對醫學研究的無知，因此B選項為正確答案。C選項與原文無關，而A、D選項的錯誤在于這個例子的目的并不在于說明公眾對動物權利的焦慮或動物研究的不滿，且原文也為提及焦慮。

[題目譯文]

奶奶的例子是用來證明公眾                      。
[A] 對動物研究的不滿
[B] 對醫學的無知
[C] 對流行病的漠不關心
[D] 對動物權利的憂慮

49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
[A] communicate more with the public.
[B] employ hi-tech means in research.
[C] feel no shame for their cause.
[D] strive to develop new cures.

[答案] A

[解題思路]

本題對應信息為第三段的第一句話"Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable, way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology"（科學家必須把他們的信息傳達給公眾，并且要使用有通俗易懂且能夠引起共鳴的語言，而不要使用分子生物學的專業術語），也就是為了更好地對付動物權利倡導者，科學家需要用更多簡明的語言與公眾交流以獲得支持和理解，因此A為正確選項。B、C、D都不是文中提議的應對方法。

[題目譯文]

作者相信，面對動物權利倡導者的挑戰，科學家們應該            。
[A] 多余公眾進行交流
[B] 在研究中采用高科技的手段
[C] 不要為自己的事業感到慚愧
[D] 努力發展新的療法

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