1993年Passage 2

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主義的) management in which man becomes a small , well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one' s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those
[A] who are at the bottom of the society
[B] who are higher up in their social status
[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors
[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world

[答案] D

[解題思路]

本題可以采取排除法。文章第二段談到一般的工人和職員的焦慮，第三段則是關于社會高層的人的焦慮，可見他們都不擁有真正的幸福，可以排除A和B選項。而選項與文章第三段的最后一句話矛盾"This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one' s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness"（他們需要不斷地證明自己與競爭對手同樣優秀或者超過對手，從而不斷地產生憂慮和壓力，這正是不幸疾病的起因），正是因為競爭才使得他們焦慮，因此C選項也可以排除。而D選項正好從反面來理解這句話，既然競爭帶來憂慮，那么遠離競就可以使人們獲得幸福生活。

[題目譯文]

從文中我們可以推斷真正的幸福屬于那些
[A] 處于社會底層的人
[B] 社會地位較高的人
[C] 證明自己比其他競爭者強的人
[D] 能夠遠離競爭世界的人

39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should
[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees
[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities
[D] take the fundamental realities for granted

[答案] C

[解題思路]

本題也可以采用排除法。A選項對應于最后一段的前兩句話"Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not"（我是否在建議我們應回到工業化前的生產模式或回到十九世紀"自由企業"資本主義時期呢？當然不是），顯然選項的表述與原文相反，可以排除。而B和D選項都不是作者提到的解決方案。作者的提議是"I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements"（我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度生產和最大限度消費為目的的官僚主義管理工業體制變成一個充分發揮人的潛能--如愛和理性的潛能--為目的的人道主義工業體制），C選項對應于作者提出的"full development of his potentialities"，因而是正確選項。

[題目譯文]

為了解決當前的社會問題，作者建議我們應該
[A] 回到我們祖先的生產模式
[B] 給工人和雇員們提供高工資
[C] 幫助人們充分發展他們的潛能
[D] 接受這些根本的現實

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