因果關(guān)系題

　　命題組的專家習(xí)慣于通過命題來考查語篇中兩個(gè)事件的內(nèi)在因果關(guān)系，嚴(yán)格的說，這種題型可歸于前面講到的推理判斷題類，但由于其特殊性及難度較大，這里單獨(dú)提出來講解。

　　因果關(guān)系題一般分為顯性原因考點(diǎn)和隱性原因考點(diǎn)(句子之間有因果關(guān)系，但無有關(guān)提示詞)。但不管是顯性因果關(guān)系還是隱性因果關(guān)系，語篇中出現(xiàn)的格式常是先說原因，后說結(jié)果，而在題干中通常是由果推因。

　　原因細(xì)節(jié)題

　　1. Why can many people see "silver linings" to the economic slowdown? (2004)

　　2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because (2005)

　　3. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because (2005)

　　4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because (2006)

　　分析共性

　　1.問題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“according to the passage/text”這個(gè)短語。

　　2.問題中出現(xiàn)某些具體時(shí)間、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果，這些信息可以在原文定位。

　　3.問題中頻繁出現(xiàn)以下詞匯;arise from;due to;because;in that;why;be caused by;as a result of;the reason for;be responsible for;be attributed to;be deduced from等。這些詞具有共同的含義，就是“因?yàn)椤薄?/P>

　　原因細(xì)節(jié)題往往要求考生根據(jù)題干所提示的信息在原文中找到某一事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果，然后找出文章中對產(chǎn)生這一事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的解釋。

　　原因細(xì)節(jié)題常見的出題位置

　　1.原文中出現(xiàn)表示原因的提示詞處：如because，be based on，since，for等。

　　2.原文中出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果的提示詞處：如thus，therefore，so，as a result，lead lo，contribute to，make，30that，such that等。

　　3.原文中出現(xiàn)起承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞匯處：如but，however等。

　　4.原文中出現(xiàn)代詞指代處：如it，they等。

　　5.文章的開頭段、結(jié)尾段處。

　　6.文章段落的開頭句、結(jié)尾句處。

　　原因題實(shí)例

　　例一

　　原文 The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, tike their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study.

　　題干 Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are

　　A. more inclined to weigh what they get.

　　B. attentive to researchers' instructions.

　　C. nice in both appearance and temperament.

　　D. more generous than their male companions. (2005--23)

　　解答 題干中female capuchin monkeys對應(yīng)原文female capuchin monkeys，題干中的research對應(yīng)原文中的study。最后——句說：“這些特點(diǎn)使他們成為兩位博士最好的候選實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物”，證明上面的特征就是要選擇的內(nèi)容。諸多特征并列，最后用above all強(qiáng)調(diào)出最重要的特征，即“她們和女人一樣，比男性更重視‘商品和服務(wù)’ 的價(jià)值”。A選項(xiàng)中的weigh與value構(gòu)成同義轉(zhuǎn)化;what they get與goods and services是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，因此A為正確答案。

　　例二

　　題干 According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because

　　[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.

　　[B] the company is financially ill-managed.

　　[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.

　　[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise. (2006--29)

　　[考查技能：對相關(guān)段落進(jìn)行因果語義關(guān)系的歸納和判斷。] [命題原則：以點(diǎn)考面，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)名詞townsfolk這個(gè)點(diǎn)，我們需要?dú)w納因果邏輯語義關(guān)系這個(gè)考區(qū)。]

　　原文導(dǎo)讀Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　答案分析 原文倒數(shù)第二自然段說得很清楚The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. 這說明對于鎮(zhèn)上的人來說，他們實(shí)際上不知道票價(jià)低的，所以[A]不選。他們看到的只是表面現(xiàn)象[D]。[正確答案][D]

　　例三

　　題干 In the first paragraph, individual borrowing is cited because

　　[A] it shares similarities with the government's Social Security policies

　　[B] there is no guarantee that it will be profitable in the stock market

　　[C] it is not proper for the brokerage houses to persuade people to borrow money

　　[D] it is an indication of the Bush administration's serious concern over the stock market

　　原文導(dǎo)讀The National Association of Securities Dealers is investigating whether some brokerage houses are inappropriately pushing individuals to borrow large sums on their houses to invest in the stock market. Can we persuade the association to investigate would-be privatizers of Social Security? For it is now apparent that the Bush administration's privatization proposal will amount to the same thing, borrow trillions, put the money in the stock market and hope.

　　[答案分析]以一個(gè)事例開篇是文章常用的寫作手法，這個(gè)事例往往是一個(gè)引子。常見的情況有兩種：一是事例作為夾敘夾議的敘述部分，后面的議論圍繞它展開;另外一種情況是一個(gè)事例引出另外一個(gè)事例。本文就屬于第二種情況，因?yàn)槿�文論述的重點(diǎn)是布什政府有關(guān)社會福利的一些宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)控舉措，而非個(gè)人貸款問題。兩個(gè)事情為什么相提并論?第一段末句給出了原因：因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在很明顯，布什政府的私有化措施將產(chǎn)生同樣的效果：大量借款、投資股市并期望從中獲利。由此可以得出文章開始使用個(gè)人房貸作為引子是因?yàn)閮杉�事情有相似性，[A]項(xiàng)正確。

　　例四

　　題干Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because__________.

　　[A] her son confessed to being wrong

　　[B] she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent

　　[C] he was likely to be affected by these diseases

　　[D] she wanted to teach her own son a lesson

　　原文導(dǎo)讀 Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food. Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom "wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease," says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.

　　[答案分析] 該段舉例說明應(yīng)如何正確對待一位憤怒的家長的電話。該段倒數(shù)第三句提到，麥休許諾讓受欺負(fù)的孩子做疾病測試，不僅讓其母親平靜下來，也讓自己的兒子知道父母是非常嚴(yán)肅地對待他的惡劣行為。由此可知[D]項(xiàng)正確。