71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

　　72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

　　73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".

　　74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.

　　75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least a-mong them.

　　76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.

　　77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

　　78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

　　79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.

　　80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

　　71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

　　[參考譯文] 但當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個(gè)土耳其軍官和一個(gè)保 加利亞軍官在橋上動(dòng)手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中不過只充斥著"撲通，撲通，185公斤重"這類對(duì)他們落水時(shí)的動(dòng)靜以及對(duì)軍官們體重的描寫時(shí)，我們不免感到困惑不安。

　　72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

　　[參考譯文] 戰(zhàn)后嬰兒潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主導(dǎo)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)使得青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)變得極為有限，他們已經(jīng)在不停地質(zhì)疑為了爬上日本國內(nèi)那通往優(yōu)秀學(xué)校和體面工作的嚴(yán)酷的社會(huì)階梯而做出的巨大的個(gè)人 犧牲。

　　73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".

　　[參考譯文] 去年，當(dāng)擔(dān)任教育部長職務(wù)的瀨戶光夫爭(zhēng)辯說二戰(zhàn)后由美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局引入的自由主義革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品質(zhì)"的時(shí)候，輿論嘩然。

　　74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.

　　[參考譯文] 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，出現(xiàn)了集中化：全國1.19億公民，其中整整76%的人口定居城市：在這里，原來的社區(qū)和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄，取而代之的是與外界疏于往來的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。

　　75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least a-mong them.

　　[參考譯文] 如果野心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么這傳統(tǒng)必會(huì)為許多人分享;尤其會(huì)受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睞，在這些人中受過良好教育的可不占少數(shù)。

　　76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.

　　[參考譯文] 當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏 別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車--地點(diǎn)、地名以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。

　　77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

　　[參考譯文] 相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用一日三餐;倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。

　　78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

　　[參考譯文] 科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員和業(yè)余愛好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線：因?yàn)槿魏我?guī)則都有例外。然而，"業(yè)余"一詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學(xué)界，尤其未能分享科學(xué)圈子的價(jià)值。

　　79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.

　　[參考譯文] 很自然，這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)最為明顯，并且可以英國的地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展作例證來說明。

　　80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

　　[參考譯文] 將過去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化。