(3)①We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”

　　[譯文]

　　我們離20世紀初期和二戰前夕期間在英國發表的東拉西扯的報紙評論甚至更遠，當時，新聞用紙非常便宜，而且時髦的文藝評論被認為是一種對刊登這種內容的出版物的裝飾。在那些遙遠的年代，主流報紙的評論家們會把報道的事件詳細充分地記錄下來，這被視為理所當然。這些評論家們所從事的是嚴肅的事業。甚至是那些喜歡賣弄學問的評論家們(像蕭伯納和歐內斯特·紐曼)也知道自己在做什么，這一點足以讓人信任。這些男人(因為他們都是男人)把新聞業認為是一個職業，并且對于他們的文章能夠在報紙上刊登出來感到很自豪。“能擁有足夠的思想或足夠的文學天賦可以使他們在新聞業上成就自己的事業的作者是如此之少”， 紐曼寫道，“以致于我禁不住把‘新聞業’定義成被某些作家所使用的一個恥辱的術語。對真正的作家而言，他們根本就沒有學問”。

　　[語篇分析]

　　①用even farther承接上一段，繼續說明當代人遠離報紙評論，并以20世紀初期和二戰前夕期間英國發表的評論為例。even farther“甚至更加(遠離)”，我們反推上一段也是在說我們“遠離”報紙上的文藝評論，只不過這一段舉了一個“更加遠離”的例子繼續證明文章主題(第一段①的后半句)。②In those far-off days指的是between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II這段時間，承接第①句。③句的Theirs與business相對應，譯成“這些評論家們所從事的事業”， reviewers替換critics，都表示“評論家”。④中的These men指代②③句中的那些評論家們，為同一意群。⑤句中包含一個so… that句型，表示“如此…以致于”，在句子中離得比較遠，在翻譯的時候我們把“如此之少”放在后面，這樣能更好的銜接下面的“以致于”。大家注意：…applied by writers who are not read to writers who are。其中who are not read為定語從句，修飾writers，這里的read為adj. 請看韋氏詞典的解釋：read adj. instructed by or informed through reading. 有學問的，也就是說這些writers根本沒有學問，那么是對于誰來說沒有學問呢?to writers who are。此處who are的后面省略了read，就是說，對于有學問的作家來說(即真正的作家來說)，那些writers是根本沒有學問的。請各位考生仔細體會!

　　[重點單詞]

　　discursive /dɪˈskəːsɪv/ adj. discussing many different ideas, facts etc, without always having a clear purpose 東拉西扯的、不著邊際的

　　dirt-cheap adj. If you say that something is dirt-cheap, you are emphasizing that it is very cheap indeed. (INFORMAL) 極其便宜

　　stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ adj. attractive in a fashionable way 時髦的、流行的、吸引人的

　　far-off adj. If you describe a moment in time as far off, you mean that it is a long time from the present, either in the past or the future. 遙遠的

　　wear one’s learning lightly 賣弄某人的學問

　　calling /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. A calling is a profession or career which someone is strongly attracted to, especially one which involves helping other people. 職業= vocation

　　brain/breɪn/ n. Your brain is your mind and the way that you think. 思想= mind

　　gift /gɪft/ n. a natural ability 天賦

　　contempt /kənˈtempt/ n. a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect 恥辱、侮辱

　　[必備搭配]

　　discursive reviews東拉西扯的評論;arts criticism文藝評論;take for granted認為理所當然;at length詳細地;serious business嚴肅的事業;literary gift文學天賦;keep one’s end up in在…成就事業;be tempted to do 禁不住做…

　　(4)①Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists。

　　[譯文]

　　那么，為什么幾乎所有的這些評論家們被人們忘卻了呢?從1917年開始一直到1975年死前不久還在為曼徹斯特《衛報》寫文章的內維爾·卡達斯，如今僅僅作為一個撰寫關于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知。然而，在他的一生中，他也是英國最重要的古典音樂評論家之一。他也是一位被廣為贊賞的文體家，其1947年的《自傳》是一本暢銷書。他于1967年被授予爵士稱號，也是第一位被授予這個頭銜的音樂評論家。然而，他出的書中如今只有一本還在版。并且，他關于音樂方面的大量作品都不為人知，除了專業人士以外。

　　[語篇分析]

　　①句的then承接上一段，作者提出一個問題，即為什么幾乎所有的這些評論家們被人們忘卻了呢? ②③④⑤為同一意群，以內維爾·卡達斯為例，講述了評論家們被人們忘卻的現象。②句主干是：Neville Cardus is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket。注意，solely表示僅僅，說明如今內維爾·卡達斯僅僅作為一個撰寫關于板球比賽文章的作家被人們所知，我們據此推測，他肯定還有其他方面不為人知，而他其他方面的不為人知恰恰是因為文藝評論的衰退!who wrote for… his death in 1975為非限制性定語從句，修飾Neville Cardus.③④兩句介紹了他其他的優秀方面。⑤介紹了他在音樂方面除了專業人士外，還有大量的作品不為人知。注意這里的save用法很特殊，表示“除… 之外”。

　　[重點單詞]

　　virtually /ˈvəːtʃuəli / adv. You can use virtually to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. 幾乎

　　solely /ˈsəul-li / adv. not involving anything or anyone else 僅僅、只有

　　foremost /ˈfɔːməust / adj. the best or most important 最重要的、最好的

　　knight/naɪt/ v. to give someone the rank of knight 授予爵士稱號

　　specialist/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it 專業人士

　　[必備搭配]

　　solely as僅僅作為;classical-music critics古典音樂評論家;foremost critics重要的評論家;best-selling book暢銷書

　　(5)①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a posthumous revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.④ Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat ever since Virgil Thomson first showed the readers of the New York Herald Tribune that a trained musician could write about music every bit as stylishly as a professional journalist. ⑤As a result, today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training that Cardus’s generation disdained。

　　[譯文]

　　卡達斯的評論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?前景似乎渺茫。 在他去世以前很久，新聞業的品味就已經改變了。并且后現代的讀者們很少閱讀他所擅長的經過華麗修飾的文章。而且，自從維吉爾·湯姆森首次在《紐約先驅論壇報》顯示了一位受過訓練的音樂家完全能夠和職業的新聞從業者一樣寫出漂亮的關于音樂的文章，音樂評論中的業余傳統就一直在迅猛地衰退。所導致的結果是，當今的古典音樂評論家們必須正好接受過這種技能訓練，這是卡達斯那一代人所不屑的。

　　[語篇分析]

　　①句承接上一段，繼續探討卡達斯的評論作品。作者提出問題，卡達斯的評論還有可能享有在他死后重新流行嗎?②作者給出了回答——前景似乎渺茫，seem表示一種不確定的語氣。①②為同一意群，③④⑤為一個意群，③④兩句道出了前景似乎渺茫的原因。③句說如今新聞業的品味已經改變了，而且后現代的讀者們也很少去讀這類文章;④句說例舉維吉爾·湯姆森在《紐約先驅論壇報》的一篇文章顯示了一位受過訓練的音樂家完全能夠和職業的新聞從業者一樣寫出漂亮的關于音樂的文章;正因為這樣的原因，才使得音樂評論中的業余傳統就一直在迅猛地衰退。其句子主干是：the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.;后邊是ever since引導的時間狀語從句，表示“自從…”，在這個時間狀語從句中，主干是：Virgil Thomson first showed sb that…，而that后面又引導一個賓語從句，主干是：a trained musician could write about music every bit as…as…，every bit as 是“和… 完全一樣”。 ⑤As a result是表示結果的標志詞，在閱讀中我們也要注意，往往引出重要的結論。句子主干是：today’s classical-music critics are expected to have precisely the kind of technical training。后面是that引導的定語從句(that Cardus’s generation disdained)，修飾technical training。

　　[重點單詞]

　　posthumous /ˈpɔstjʊməs / adj. Posthumous is used to describe something that happens after a person's death but relates to something they did before they died. 死后發生的

　　taste/teɪst/ n。品味

　　postmodern /ˌpəustˈmɔdn / adj. relating to or influenced by postmodernism 后現代的

　　richly /ˈrɪtʃli/ adv。完全地、豐富地、富足地

　　upholster/ʌpˈhəulstə / vt。修飾、裝飾

　　retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. a movement away from someone or something 衰退、倒退

　　disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ vt. to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough 蔑視、鄙視

　　[必備搭配]

　　posthumous revival重新流行;remote prospect渺茫的前景;change the tastes改變品味;amateur tradition業余傳統;music criticism音樂評論;headlong retreat迅猛衰退;a trained musician一位受訓練的音樂家;professional journalist職業新聞從業者;technical training技能訓練

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