真題詳解

　　例1  (07.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

　　翻譯：雖然來自于律師的評論和反應可以增強故事，（但是）對記者來說，最好還是憑借自己對重要性的理解來做出自己的判斷。

　　例2 (04.50)  Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

　　翻譯：Whorf 逐漸相信一種語言決定論，它最強烈的說法認為語言禁錮了思維，也認為語言的語法模式對社會的文化會產生意義深遠的結果。

　　例3  (02.49) Freedom and dignity are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　翻譯：自由和尊嚴是傳統理論中的自制的人的擁有物。 它們對（個人對其行為負責和對其成就給予稱贊）的實踐至關重要。

　　例4  (08.49) Darwin adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

　　翻譯：達爾文謙虛地補充說，可能他在以下兩方面優于普通人：一是注意到那些容易被忽略的事物，二是仔細地觀察它們。

　　例5 (07.49)  In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

翻譯：事實上，看到（沒有清楚理解加拿大憲法的基本特征的記者能做關于政治新聞報道有能力的工作）是困難的。

翻譯難點

　　難點1

　　例1 (06.47) The intellectual’s function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　翻譯：知識分子的作用與法官的作用一樣，必須承擔如下責任：盡可能用明顯的方式來揭示引導他得出決定的推理過程。

　　例2 (08.46)  Darwin believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

　　翻譯：達爾文相信，這個困難可能會有一個補充性的優勢，即迫使他花更多時間更專心地思考每一個句子，因而使他能覺察到（在推理和他自己觀察方面的）錯誤  。

　　例3 (07.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

　　難點2

　　例1 (06.49) But average scientist’s primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　翻譯：如同（我們）不能期望商人會把精力投入到探索商業行為的規則中，普通科學家的首要任務同樣也不是去思考控制他行為的道德規范。

　　例2(06.48)  I have excluded average scientist because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　翻譯：我已經排除了普通的科學家，盡管他的成績可能有助于道德問題的解決，因為他只不過承擔處理那些問題的事實方面的任務。  

　　難點3

　　例1 (05.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

　　翻譯：創造一個“歐洲特性”（這種特性尊重不同的文化和傳統，而這些文化和傳統組成舊大陸的聯系結構），這不是一個容易的任務，同時也需要策略性的選擇。

　　例2 (03.47) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

　　翻譯：社會科學是知識探究的一個分支，它試圖以同樣理性的，有條理的，系統的和客觀的方式研究人類及其活動，這種方式是自然科學家用來研究自然現象的。 

　　例3 (07.47)  Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

　　翻譯：另一方面，法律把這些概念與日常現實聯系到一起，這與（記者日常報道和評論新聞時形成）的做法相同。  

　　難點4

　　例1 (06.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　翻譯：我將把他定義為這樣的一個人：它已經選擇（以蘇格拉底的方式去思考道德問題）作為他人生中最主要的責任和樂趣。

　　例2 (08.48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

　　翻譯：另一方面，某些批評者認為雖然他是個好的觀察者，但沒有推理能力。他認為他的批評者所做出的評價是沒有根據的。

　　難點5

　　例1  Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

　　翻譯：政府應該通過減少對技術的財政支出來增加對純科學的財政支出，還是反過來，這取決于一個問題：哪一個被看作是驅動力量。 

　　例2 (02.50) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　翻譯：直到這些問題被解決了，（否則）行為技術將繼續被拒絕，同時伴隨著該情況，解決我們問題的唯一方法（也會被拒絕）。

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