�、�. PARAPHRASING

　　Choose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)

　　31. By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of others - they are people against whom we measure others.

　　A. ... we disagree with them when judging others.

　　B. ... we think more highly of them than others do.

　　C. ... we believe other people are different from them.

　　D. ... we use them as the standard when evaluating others.

　　32. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime.

　　A. Many people realize that they are short of time.

　　B. Many people feel keenly that their life is short.

　　C. Many people are sensible only for a short period of time.

　　D. Many people would like very much to prolong their life.

　　33. As a scientist, she learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the tampering reach of man.

　　A. … it is difficult for man to compete with Nature.

　　B. … it is impossible for man to benefit from Nature.

　　C. … Nature can hardly escape from man’s interference.

　　D. …Nature is really more powerful than human beings.

　　34. These bits of information and the list of D grades were all the records had to offer.

　　A. These bits of information explained his poor grades.

　　B. His poor grades were related to these bits of information.

　　C. What could be found in the records were those things required to be there.

　　D. The records gave nothing more than these bits of information and poor grades.

　　35. People were only shapes in dense, gray fog of dust and ash.

　　A. The dusty air made people barely visible.

　　B. The air was too polluted for people to breathe.

　　C. People hardly stayed in shape in such dirty air.

　　D. People were almost buried in thick dust and ash.

　　36. It would not be difficult to compile a list of such surprises that would fill the next fifty pages, but I will content myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me.

　　A. ... I feel satisfied with the first few examples in my mind.

　　B. ... I am surprised with the number of suggestions I can give.

　　C. ... the first few examples are the best ones that satisfy my curiosity.

　　D. ... the first few surprises coming to me would be enough as examples.

　　37. If I love you, I can see you as a separate person, with your own values and thoughts and feelings, and I do not insist that you surrender your identity and conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me.

　　A. ... I don’t want you to lose hope and then blame me for it.

　　B. ... I won’t force you to be independent and you can rely on me.

　　C. ... I don’t expect you to follow my step and become similar to me.

　　D ... I won’t push you to lose yourself and become what I like you to be.

　　38. If disappointed, though, she [my mother] wasted no energy on self-pity. She would make me make something of myself whether I wanted to or not.

　　A. Dissatisfied as she was, she remained as determined as before.

　　B. Faced with discouragements, she never lost her energetic spirits.

　　C. Nothing could let her down even though no one sympathized with her.

　　D. There was enough self-confidence in her to deal with disappointments.

　　39. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven.

　　A. My maternal grandfather retired from gardening at sixty-seven.

　　B. My maternal grandfather died young, when he was sixty-seven.

　　C. My maternal grandfather lost energy when he was sixty-seven.

　　D. My maternal grandfather was considered no longer young at sixty-seven.

　　40. Far-reaching as many of them [Edison’s inventions] have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edison’s career surpasses the sum of all of them.

　　A. One can never evaluate Edison’s great inventions high enough.

　　B. One needs to understand Edison’s inventions to appreciate his career.

　　C. Edison’s inventions are his most outstanding contributions to human life.

　　D. Edison’s influence upon human society is much greater than his inventions.